About Joseph Eichler and West Coast Modernism

Real estate developer Joseph L. Eichler was not an architect, but he revolutionized residential architecture. In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, many suburban tract homes in the United States were modeled after Eichler Houses built by Joseph Eichlers firm. You dont have to be an architecture to have an impact on architecture! Background: Born: June 25, 1901 to European Jewish parents in New York City Died: July 25, 1974 Education: Business degree from New York University Early Career: As a young man, Joseph Eichler worked for a San Francisco-based poultry business owned by his wifes family. Eichler became treasurer for the company and moved to California in 1940. Influences: For three years, Eichler and his family rented Frank Lloyd Wrights 1941 Usonian style Bazett House in Hillsborough, California. The family business was facing a scandal, so Eichler launched a new career in real estate. At first Eichler constructed conventional homes. Then Eichler hired several architects to apply Frank Lloyd Wrights ideas to suburban tract homes for middle class families. A business partner, Jim San Jule, helped craft shrewd publicity. An expert photographer, Ernie Braun, created the images that promoted Eichler Homes as carefree and sophisticated. About Eichler Homes: Between the 1949 and 1974, Joseph Eichlers company, Eichler Homes, constructed about 11,000 houses in California and three houses in New York state. Most of the West Coast homes were in the San Francisco area, but three tracts, including Balboa Highlands, were developed near Los Angeles and remain popular to this day. Eichler was not an architect, but he sought out some of the best designers of the day. For example, the celebrated A. Quincy Jones was one of Eichlers architects. Today, Eichler neighborhoods like the one at Granada Hills in San Fernando Valley have been designated historic districts. The Significance of Eichler: Eichlers company developed what became known as the California modern style, but he also was instrumental in the growing Civil Rights movement. Eichler became known for advocating fair housing during an era when builders and realtors often refused to sell homes to minorities. In 1958, Eichler resigned from the National Association of Home Builders to protest the organizations policies of racial discrimination. In the end, Joseph Eichlers social and artistic ideals cut into business profits. The value of Eichler Homes declined. Eichler sold his company in 1967, but continued to build houses until he died in 1974. Learn More: More About Eichler Homes Eichler Homes: Design for Living by Jerry Ditto, 1995Eichler: Modernism Rebuilds the American Dream by Paul Adamson, 2002People in Glass Houses: The Legacy of Joseph Eichler (DVD) References: History of Eichler Homes, Eichler NetworkSaving the Tract House by Karrie Jacobs, The New York Times, May 15, 2005 Additional Source: Pacific Coast Architecture Database at https://digital.lib.washington.edu/architect/architects/528/ [accessed November 19, 2014]

Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples - 975 Words

A third consideration in regard with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples is the meaning of sovereignty. The discourse on sovereignty is obscure and non-reflexive. It situates itself somewhere between moral axiology, social ideology and political and legal authority. The link between sovereignty and politics within the public discourse often mask oppressive power relations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people (Prokhovnik, 2015). Furthermore, the mainstream political discourse undoubtedly takes sovereignty â€Å"as though it really were an uncontested foundation†, which erases the significance of the Indigenous as the first nations (Prokhovnik, 2015, p. 415). For the settlers, perhaps their self-importance as imperialists was more valued than embracing new notions of nationalism (Ward, 2001). For them, the establishment of colonies represented the expression of the external power of sovereign European states, even if only possible as a result of conq uest, and their colonies â€Å"were considered sufficient justification for the imposition of sovereign power† (Patton, 1996, p. 149). Unfortunately, this unresolved ambivalence about the colonisation of Australia has also left the peoples of this country with an ambivalent identity (Connors, 2001). The ‘white-Australian’ sovereignty was first granted by an Act of the Parliament of the UK in 1901, then was recognised as an independent dominion in 1931 (Prokhovnik, 2015). In 1948, through CommonwealthShow MoreRelatedAboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples1456 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are the oldest surviving culture in the world. They have occupied Australia for at least 65,000 years. 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Human Activities In Causing Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Climate is altering in a horrid manner. The alteration is influenced both by natural ground and human activities. El Nino, the Earth surface temperature increased, acerb rains and many phenomenons are damaging the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Activities In Causing Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Experts are worried about the rapid altering clime, because the alteration may bring people many large catastrophes. Worldwide people are seeking to happen the solution and salvage humanity. This essay will discourse how human activities contribute to climate alteration, and give some advice how to forestall the Earth. Human activities in doing clime alteration It is clear that human activities accelerate the clime alteration. The first portion of essay will poll 2 human activities that consequence clime alteration. ( 1 ) Burning fossil fuels The Earth surface temperature increasing owe to greenhouse gases, because they carry the short-wave radiation from the Sun to the Earth ( NSW Department of Primary Industries, 2008 ) . Obviously, more nursery gases mean terrible clime alteration. Before demoing the grounds of nursery gases growing, people need to understand what nursery gases are. The ground why people call these gases greenhouse gases is because they work like a glass nursery that heats up with the radiation trapped by the glass ( NSW Department of Primary Industries, 2008 ) . Greenhouse gases are non merely one sort of gas, really it includes ‘water vapour, C dioxide, methane and azotic oxide ‘ ( NSW Department of Primary Industries, 2008:2 ) . Obviously, because of the high-ranking nursery gases concentration, the temperature became higher than earlier. However, firing fossil fuels are the arch-criminal of lifting nursery gases in atmospheric has accelerated. Excessive human emanations besides caused 1 .4 A ; deg ; F gone up in the past century ( Pew Centre on Global Climate Change, 2008b ) . Burning fossil fuels non merely do nursery gases to lend to climate alteration, but besides sulphur dioxide and N oxides. Sulphur dioxide and N oxides contribute to climate alteration because of their ability to make acerb rain. Acid rains which have deadly influences on edifices, trees and animate beings are besides bad for clime ( John, S et Al. 2006 ) . ( 2 ) Overexploitation of the natural resources Apart from firing fossil fuels, the ground why clime alteration in such a fast manner is overuse of the natural resources. The natural resources on the Earth are limited, no affair non-renewable resources or renewable resources. It seems that the turning population of world does non recognize the facts ; people ever exploit more resources than people ‘s demand to do certain the tendency of growing. Conspicuously, overuse the nature resources becomes one portion of causing led to climate alteration. Peoples knows that many day-to-day supplies made from wood, such as documents, some apparels and furniture, ordered more and more trees felled. As antecedently mentioned, nursery gases are bad for clime, and one of the methods to diminish is more workss. Braid can absorb C dioxide, and extenuate the consistence of nursery gases. However, the bad intelligence is that the solution is dissatisfying for overdriving the natural resources. As a consequence, deforestation exacerbates the cl ime. On the other manus, deforestation besides conduces to desertification which contributes on clime alteration. Land debasement can besides take to environmental debasement, poorness, migration and the rhythm of struggle, but besides frequently affected states and parts, political stableness hazards ( UNCCD: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 2009 ) . Peoples who live here need to disforest to gain money to do unrecorded. Outline farther impairment may be prevented After discoursing the human activities, the 2nd portion of essay will convey frontward 2 solutions that may protect the environment. ( 1 ) Government government As mentioned above, firing fossil fuels is one of the human activities that contribute to climate alteration. Factories create electricity by firing fossil fuels. To work out the jobs, authorities government seems to be an indispensable method. Nowadays, there is an effectual policy that is accepted in Australia and some European states, which named ‘cap and trade ‘ ( Minter-Ellison, 2007 ) . The government relate to ‘electricity coevals, conveyance, industrial procedure, forestry, agribusiness and waste ‘ ( Minter-Ellison, 2007 ) . The policy means authorities will crest the nursery gases emanations for every mill or else. For case, a mill has to pay for the emanations if it emit more nursery gases than the cap, besides a mill can sale its emanations if it emit less nursery gases than the cap. With authorities government, people and mills are encouraged to cut down the step of firing fossil fuels. This is a good illustration for authorities to represent some policies, order emitters prevent environment on their ain inititiative. ( 2 ) Exploit new energy and happen how to utilize the new energy The 2nd solution is to work new energy, and happen how to utilize the new energy. Because people is used to fabricate some fuels by wooden, deforestation is difficult to avoid. Account for the job, to work new energy is at hand. Actually some new energy like air current and solar power have been found for many old ages, but for the bound of scientific discipline, people can non utilize the new energy good. For illustration, people have no thought approximately solar power when it is nebulose. Fortunately, PSEG Global, a company found the method to utilize air current and shop air current. Harmonizing to their proclamation, when air current power beyond the demand of consumer, they will hive away the air current in belowground caverns or in armored combat vehicles. During the peak hours, the stored air current will let go of and go energy ( Davidson, P. 2008 ) . Besides, scientist besides exploited some other new energy and found how to utilize. E-Coal is one sort of new energy which substitutes for coal. E-Coal was called no nursery gases emanation fuel, because it was made by biomass, though E-Coal liberate C dioxide when combustion, E-Coal can absorb equal C dioxide during their life ( Davidson, P. 2008 ) . In decision, human activities like firing fossil fuels and overdriving the natural resources changed climate a batch. Merely nowadays people are cognizant of the importance of environmental, and get down to work out the jobs. Government and scientists have been working to happen the solution. Everyone lives in the Earth, so everybody has to make their best to protect environment. ( 950 words ) How to cite Human Activities In Causing Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Parts Emporium Help Essay Example For Students

Parts Emporium Help Essay The total of these two costs for the gasket is reduced by 26 percent (from $846 to $627) per year. The safety stock with the proposed plan may be higher than the current plan, if the reason tort the excess back orders is that no safety stock is now being held (inaccurate inventory records or a faulty replenishment system are other explanations). We cannot determine the satiety stock level (it any) in the current system. The extra cost of safety stock for the proposed system is minimal, however. Only seven gaskets are being proposed as safety stock, and heir annual holding cost is just another 518517) $12. 95. Surely the lost sales due to back orders are substantial with the current plan and will be much less with the proposed plan. One symptom of such losses is that II units are on back order in week 21. A lost sale costs a minimum of $4. 15 per gasket (0. 32. 0 $12. 99). If 10 percent Of annual sales were lost with the current policy, this cost would be $4. 16(0. 1 = $2,206 per year. Such a loss would be much reduced with the cycle-service level implemented With the proposed plan. DEBBY Drive Belt The following demand estimates are based on weeks 13 through 21 Weeks 11 and 12 are excluded from the analysis because the new products start-up makes them unrepresentative. We find the EGO as follows: Weekly demand average 52 belts/week Annual demand (D) 52(52) 2704 belts Holding cost $0. 97 per belt per year (or 0. 21 D 0. 52 0 $8. 89) Ordering cost SIS per order Turning now to R, where z remains at 1. 65, we use the data in the 08032 table to find: Standard deviation in weekly demand = 1,76 belts Standard deviation in demand during lead time belts Average demand during the lead time Safety stock = 3(52) + 1. 65(3. 05) = 161. 03, or 161 belts After developing their plan, students again can compare the cost for the belts with what would be experienced With current policies. Cost Category 5 27 $115 $512 5229 With the belt, the total of these two costs is reduced by 55 percent. The satiety stock with the proposed plan may be higher than the current system, as with the gaskets, but added cost tort safety stock is only $0. 97(5) $4. 85. The big cost once gain is the lost sales due to back orders with the current plan, A 10th sale costs a minimum of $4. 27 per belt (0. 48 C $8. 89). If 10 percent of annual sales were lost, the cost with the current policy would be IS,SIS, Such a loss would be much less with the 95% cycle-service level implemented with the proposed plan.

Themes The three major themes are love, loyalty, a Essay Example For Students

Themes The three major themes are love, loyalty, a Essay ThemesThe three major themes are love, loyalty, and irony; the most major themebeing irony. Antigones love for her brother, Polyneices, was so strong, she died forhim. Haemons love for Antigone was so strong, he died with her death. Eurydices love for her son, Haemon, was so strong, she died with his death. Creons guilt and love for his wife and son was so strong, he felt he should notgo on living after their death. . . . I speak for you, for me, and for the spirits ofthe dead. . . The dead? Preciselyyoull never marry her alive. . .Well then,deadone death beckoning to another. . . We will write a custom essay on Themes The three major themes are love, loyalty, a specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is part of a conversationbetween Creon and Haemon while Haemon is standing up for Antigone. Love isconstantly being shown through the book. Another quote from the book is saidby the Strophe I: . . . Love, unquelled in battle, Love making nonsense ofwealth, Pillowed all night on the cheek of a girl, You roam seas, pervade thewilds, And in a Shepherds hut you lie. Shadowing immotal gods, You dogephemeral manMadness your possession. . . Another theme is loyalty, which is mostly the same as the theme of love. By loving someone, therefore you are also loyal to them. It follows the samecronilogical order as the theme of love: Polyneices death brings out Antigonesloyalty, which brings upon her death, which then brings out Haemons loyalty toAntigone, which brings upon his death, which shows Eurydices loyalty to herson, which brings about her death, then finally the guilt and grief of Creon. Also, Antigone had to choose which family member to stay loyal to: Creon, heruncle, or Polyneices, her brother. The major theme of the story is irony. Irony is when the meaning of thespeakers words are opposite of his actions, which is exactly what is portrayed inthis story. To further explain the theme, I will take quotes from the book, andexplain them as I go along. The first quote is from Creon. . . . You wait andsee! The toughest will is the first to break: like the hard untempered steel whichsnaps and shivers at a touch when hot from off the forge. . . She and her sisterwill not now escape the utmost penalty. . . There he is contradicting himself bysaying people should bend and be lenient, but he wont even give his niece herlife. Her sister and future husband, which is Creons son, all try to convince himto let her go, but he wont bend. The second quote is from Haemon. . . . But awise man is flexible, has much to learn without loss of dignity. See the tree infloodtime, how they bend along the torrents course, and how their twigs andbranches so not snap, but stubborn trees are torn up roots and all. In sailing too,when fresh weather blows, a skipper who will not slaken sail, turns turtle,finishes his voyage beam-ends up. . . His words are trying to tell his father thathe must bend the rules, and let Antigone go free, and hinting at someconsequenses. . Themes The Three Major Themes Are Love, Loyalty, A Essay Example For Students Themes The Three Major Themes Are Love, Loyalty, A Essay ThemesThe Three Major Themes Are Love, Loyalty, And Irony; The Most Major Theme ThemesThe three major themes are love, loyalty, and irony;the most major themebeing irony.Antigones love for her brother, Polyneices, was so strong, she died forhim.Haemons love for Antigone was so strong, he died with her death. Eurydices love for her son, Haemon, was so strong, she died with his death. Creons guilt and love for his wife and son was so strong, he felt he should notgo on living after their death. We will write a custom essay on Themes The Three Major Themes Are Love, Loyalty, A specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now . . . I speak for you, for me, and for the spirits ofthe dead. . . The dead?Preciselyyoull never marry her alive. . .Well then,deadone death beckoning to another. . . This is part of a conversationbetween Creon and Haemon while Haemon is standing up for Antigone.Love isconstantly being shown through the book.Another quote from the book is saidby the Strophe I:. . . Love, unquelled in battle, Love making nonsense ofwealth, Pillowed all night on the cheek of a girl, You roam seas, pervade thewilds,And in a Shepherds hut you lie. Shadowing immotal gods,You dogephemeral manMadness your possession. . . Another theme is loyalty, which is mostly the same as the theme of love. By loving someone, therefore you are also loyal to them.It follows the samecronilogical order as the theme of love:Polyneices death brings out Antigonesloyalty, which brings upon her death, which then brings out Haemons loyalty toAntigone, which brings upon his death, which shows Eurydices loyalty to herson, which brings about her death, then finally the guilt and grief of Creon. Also, Antigone had to choose which family member to stay loyal to:Creon, heruncle, or Polyneices, her brother.The major theme of the story is irony.Irony is when the meaning of thespeakers words are opposite of his actions, which is exactly what is portrayed inthis story.To further explain the theme, I will take quotes from the book, andexplain them as I go along.The first quote is from Creon.. . . You wait andsee!The toughest will is the first to break:like the hard untempered steel whichsnaps and shivers at a touch when hot from off the forge. . .She and her sisterwill not now escape the utmost penalty. . .There he is contradicting himself bysaying people should bend and be lenient, but he wont even give his niece herlife.Her sister and future husband, which is Creons son, all try to convince himto let her go, but he wont bend.The second quote is from Haemon.. . . But awise man is flexible, has much to learn without loss of dignity.See the tree infloodtime, how they bend along the torrents course, and how their twigs andbranches so not snap, but stubborn trees are torn up roots and all.In sailing too,when fresh weather blows, a skipper who will not slaken sail, turns turtle,finishes his voyage beam-ends up. . .His words are trying to tell his father thathe must bend the rules, and let Antigone go free, and hinting at someconsequenses. .

Catenary Spaces and Planar Spa essays

Catenary Spaces and Planar Spa essays Working with the merged sensibilities of a sculptor, a photographer, an architect, and a builder, Timothy Makepeace orchestrates structure, design, light and shadow into elegant works deeply indebted to the basic principles of modernism. He is drawn to the inner bodies of buildings. Their skeletons and innards inspire him because they are generally hidden from the publics gaze under the skin of the edifice. It is precisely these hidden elements to which he directs our attention. Although reductivist in his visual vocabulary, Makepeace does not consider himself a classic minimalist sculptor. A closer look at the works in this exhibition reveals his observation of complex architectural structures and his abstracting of their complexity into controlled aesthetic simplicity. Equally important are his memories of certain places, particularly those whose existence has become marginalized by the progress of history. Old massive bridges and bypasses forged of steel from forgotten mill towns provide him poetic source material. The industrial landscape holds special appeal because it "stands with its structure clearly revealed, its engineering laid bare, and its functions wholly evident."1 Makepeace spends time photographing these places, such as under the Pulaski Skyway Bridge in New Jersey, absorbing their sounds, smells, textures and visual presences. This nostalgia for the essence of place imbues the sculptures with a particularly humanist spirit. Makepeaces sensitivity to visual environment may stem from a childhood spent in many different countries. His mother is an artist, and his father was a Foreign Service officer who developed an interest in modern art in the 1940s and 50s. Living in Barcelona, his father befriended Joan Mir and met many of the Spanish modernists before they became internationally famous. As a result of these friendships, the household was filled with p ...

Behaviors and Strategies for the Home and School Setting Term Paper

Behaviors and Strategies for the Home and School Setting - Term Paper Example Studies have suggested that positive behavior management techniques need to apply over children by their parents that can lead to positive reinforcement in the children for positive behavior (Bowles, 2010). Through the behavior management techniques, the parents can clearly set their expectations in terms of maintaining the discipline and behavior. Redirection, time-outs, communication and expression are some of the tools that parents can make use of in order to initiate and effectively implement the behavior management techniques in the children (Bowles, 2010). The present study is focused on the behaviors and strategies of management behavior that can be used by parents for the development of their children, and discusses how the family centered approach support the early childhood classroom and the family of the child. It is believed that Family Centered Program theories and concepts support the early childhood classroom and the child’s family. Acknowledgement of Positive B ehaviors in Children: In a classroom of small children of three or four years of ages, it has been obtained that the children have troubles with changeovers and evolutions. Often the irritated behaviors and attitudes of the teachers in a classroom tend to affect the behavior of the children more. The small children instead of being disciplined and normal reflect their agitated behavior that leads to disruption of the entire classroom. Acknowledgement of positive behaviors among the children is a method that allows teachers, elders and the parents of small children to understand the motives and psychology of the children in a better manner (Timm & Doubet, 2007, p.2). This particular strategy allows the educator and family members to give greater amount of time and attention to the children thereby trying to understand the behavior of individual child. The strategy had been obtained depending on certain major findings based on research. Firstly, nearly all child behavior is reinforced or undermined by the happenings following any particular behavior. â€Å"For example, a toddler who receives laughter and applause for making a funny face is likely to keep making funny faces† (Timm & Doubet, 2007, p.2). Secondly, in general the attention of the adults is captured when a child misbehaves. It can be said that teachers and parents tend to be put under by a child’s misbehavior, apparently not capable of attending to suitable behavior by other children. Thirdly, consideration from major caregivers is highly vital for young children. This leads to continuation of a behavior that creates negative reactions. â€Å"The result can be an increase in the very behavior that adults wish to discourage. For example, think about a child who continues to run toward the classroom door over and over again as the teacher shouts, â€Å"Don’t make me come over there; you know not to leave the classroom!† That kind of attention will reinforce and increase tha t behavior† (Timm & Doubet, 2007, p.2). Lastly, although any particular behavior of a child may be momentarily undermined by a unenthusiastic reaction from an adult, but it cannot be asserted that more attractive manners are being recognized and given confidence in the course. â€Å"For example, telling a child that she cannot go outside

How Information Technology impact in business world Research Paper

How Information Technology impact in business world - Research Paper Example Current trends in Information Technology include; cloud computing and information security. Alternatively, the view of Daintith John (2009) is that â€Å"Information Technology is the use of computers and telecommunication facilities in business; to collect, manipulate, transmit, store and retrieve data. Information Technology refers to computers plus computer networks, but can also include information transmitting equipments like satellites, phone, televisions and radios. IT infrastructure involves the framework on which information networks operate.† The infrastructure include; computers, networks, database management systems and a regulatory framework. In the field of Information Technology, infrastructure refers to physical hardware which connects computers and users, for example, telephone lines, satellites, television cables and antennas. To some people, infrastructure is anything that supports the processing of data and information. Erick Miley (2014) explains that â€Å"Information Technology is an occupation or profession that identifies with computer technology." He stresses that modern businesses use computers to ensure high standards of customer service and efficiency. The benefits if information Technology to businesses many. Computers process information at very high speeds, for examples emails deliver messages instantly. Business information can be updates on market. Increased computer speed ensures efficiency in information processing. Computers are also able to multi-task accurately and quickly, for example, solving complex mathematical equations. IT ensures low business costs; this is due to the fact that as technology becomes more common it also becomes affordable. It has led to more entrepreneurship opportunities; this is because many people nowadays work at home using the internet. (Allen and Morton 37). According to Chirantan Basu, Demand

Commanding Heights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commanding Heights - Essay Example I am in agreement with Keynes that during the time after World wars and depression as many folks were in desperate poverty and had to unite to build nations. However, am in disagreement with Keynes when he states that the disadvantage of free market is the extremism, which he stated could be countered by government interventions. However, these interventions are orthodox considering how US president Nixon compromised when he introduced wage and price control leading to collapse and deterioration of the economy. This is also one of the reasons why Payeks argued that central planned economy would give governments much power leading to totalitarianism which is detrimental to the economy (tanmovie1234s channel). Socialism system has the benefit of ensuring the poor a decent life through fair and equitable sharing of resources among the people, but, on the other hand, free market brings about opportunities through which they can increase their living standards. However, irrespective Payeks idea of free market, there is need for the government to control the industries and business because in case of monopolies they should be monitored to avoid exploitation. Moreover, in a competitive economy facilitated by free market, there may bring about unhealthy competition which will be at the peril of the consumers or citizens. I am in agreement with Van Misses who was in support of free market and argued that socialism economy lacked the price system that governed the demand and supply that dictates the prices of commodities, which lead to chaos and ultimately economic crisis. Irrespective of these arguments for or against both socialism and free market systems, I have come to learn that history repeats itself irrespective of the system implemented. This is considering the 2008 economic crisis and stock market collapse similar to that of October 24, 1929. Therefore, every economic system has its advantages and disadvantages,

Strategies to Solve Economic Issues

Strategies to Solve Economic Issues INTRODUCTION Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behaviour of individual households and firms in making decisions on the allocation of limited resources and studies individual prices. It also analyses demand and supply of labour and analyses demand and supply of goods. Economics is a science that studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. It also the study of how men use limited resources in order to satisfy their unlimited wants and how human beings make choices to use scarce resources to satisfy QUESTION 1 1. Three basic economics problem and how the how the different economic systems solve the economic problems. There are three basic economics problem. The first one is ‘what’ which mean what to do produce due to limited resources that have and what should the economy produce in order to satisfy consumer wants. For example, a company want to produce laptop or hand phone which both have their own function or use to consumer or user which refer that maximises consumer satisfaction then the economy is allocatively efficient. Second one is ‘how will’ which mean the quantities to produce due the demand from consumer or user and due to the population with resources that available because it one of an economy achieves productive efficiency if it produces goods using the least resources possible. For example, many consumer or user want buy hand phone than laptop, so the company should produce hand phone more due the demand from consumer or user. Lastly, ‘to whom’ which mean to distribution, depend on the distribution of income and depend on who want to pay or should the economy produce goods targeted towards those who have high incomes or those who have low incomes and what sort of demographic group should the goods in the economy that are produced be targeted toward. For example, consumer or users that are willing and be able to pay or buy the produce that they want. So, with if all three problems are addressed at any one time then the economy has achieved static efficiency. If the economy achieves static efficiency over a period of time then it is dynamically efficient. All these problems are focused around the problem of unlimited wants and limited resources which resources are the factors of production such as labour, capital, technology and land which are used to produce the products that satisfy the wants. There are also how the different economic systems solve the economic problems. Different societies have performed these economic functions, and sought to achieve technical and allocatively efficiency, in different ways. These ways can be classified as different economic systems. The first new economic system was Capitalism or the market system. However, early capitalism left many people in poverty, while competitive markets decayed into monopolies. In response, social reformers developed alternative economic systems. Fascism and Socialism attempted to fix capitalism with a dose of government participation. Communism simply sought to overthrow capitalism. It was a struggle between the invisible hand of free markets and the visible hand of the command (planned) economy. 2. Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost Scarcity refers to resources that are not enough meet all wants which it want always exceed limited resources to satisfy society. In other words, human beings have unlimited wants which there is never such a time that a human being is satisfied and not in need of anything. It also refer to the fundamental economic problem, and all economic activities revolve around trying to solve this problem and the other sides, a good which is usable but in abundant supply may not qualify to be called an economic good. For example, air and water are just ‘goods’ in the sense that they are readily available and cannot be deemed to be scarce. Then, another concept in economics is that know as choice. Choice comes about as a result of scarcity, and in a way, choice is informed by these circumstances. Since human wants are unlimited and resources limited, it emerges that one cannot be able to practically meet all their wants at any one time and because of this, it becomes inevitable for someone to choose between the many unlimited wants which one o satisfy at any given moment. Since you make a choice of doing something, or fulfilling a certain want, it turns out that at any one time, there is a certain want that you have to ignore, or forego, in order to fulfil another want. For example, you were deciding to grow carrot or potatoes which one of them will become the option to be foregone. After that, the option that has been foregone is usually called an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost refers to second best alternative that has to forgone for another choice which give more satisfaction. For example, if you decide to grow carrots, your opportunity cost is the alternative crop that might have been grown instead potatoes. 3. Four assumption in draw a production possibility curve (PPC) PPC is A graphical representation  of the alternative combinations  of the  amounts  of two  goods  or  services  that an  economy can  produce  by transferring  resources  from one good or  service  to the other which can helps in determining what  quantity  of a nonessential good or a service an economy can afford to produce without jeopardizing the  required  production  of an  essential good  or service. It also can be called as transformation curve. There are four assumption in draw a PPC : Produced only two goods only Fixed amount of resources Full employment Constant technology Example curve of PPC There are also factors that can influence the PPC curve to shift. The first one is changes in the resources or factor of production. The influences are divided to two shift which refers to, shifting to the right which means increasing in PPC and shifting to the left which means decreasing in PPC. For example is shown at below. Chicken Fish Assume: i. PPC1 and PPC2: Discovery of new resources in Chicken and Fish. ii. PPC3: Decreasing in resources. The second one is changes in the level of technology. For example is shown at below. Chicken PPC2 PPC1 Fish Assume: i. PPC1 and PPC2: Technology advancement in Fish only. The third one is changes in economic condition which economic growth or economic recession. The influences are divided to two shifts which refer to, shifting to the right which means increasing in PPC and shifting to the left which means decreasing in PPC. For example is shown at below. Chicken Fish Assume: i. PPC1 and PPC2: Economic growth in the country ii. PPC3: Economic recession in the country. Lastly, changes in the number of population. The influences are also divided to two shifts which refer to, shifting to the right which means increasing in PPC and shifting to the left which means decreasing in PPC. For example is shown at below. Chicken Fish Assume: i. PPC1 and PPC2: Increasing in the country population. ii. PPC3: Decreasing in the country population. 4.Three type of profit with diagrams and short run monopoly Monopoly is a type of market in which there is a seller and large number of buyers. It also refers to selling products that have no close substitution and have a high entry and exit barrier. There are example for this monopoly in Malaysia such as TNB and JBA. There also characteristics for monopoly. The first one is one seller and large number of buyer which monopoly exist when there is only firm exist which selling a product which has no close substitute. Next is no close substitution which monopoly firm would sell a product which has no close substitute. Then, restriction of entry of new firms which in monopoly market, there are strict barriers to the entry of new firm. Lastly, advertising in monopoly market depends on the types of product sold.

Boston Teaparty :: essays research papers

Boston Teaparty In 1773, Britain's East India Company was sitting on large stocks of tea that it could not sell in England. It was on the verge of bankruptcy. In an effort to save it, the government passed the Tea Act of 1773, which gave the company the right to export its merchandise directly to the colonies without paying any of the regular taxes that were imposed on the colonial merchants, who had traditionally served as the middlemen in such transactions. With these privileges, the company could undersell American merchants and monopolize the colonial tea trade. The act proved inflammatory for several reasons. First, it angered influential colonial merchants, who feared being replaced and bankrupted by a powerful monopoly. The East India Company's decision to grant franchises to certain American merchants for the sale of their tea created further resentments among those excluded from this lucrative trade. More important, however, the Tea Act revived American passions about the issue of taxation without representation. The law provided no new tax on tea. Lord North assumed that most colonists would welcome the new law because it would reduce the price of tea to consumers by removing the middlemen. But the colonists responded by boycotting tea. Unlike earlier protests, this boycott mobilized large segments of the population. It also helped link the colonies together in a common experience of mass popular protest. Particularly important to the movement were the activities of colonial women, who were one of the principal consumers of tea and now became the leaders of the effort to the boycott. Various colonies made plans to prevent the East India Company from landing its cargoes in colonial ports. In ports other than Boston, agents of the company were "persuaded" to resign, and new shipments of tea were either returned to England or warehoused. In Boston, the agents refused to resign and, with the support of the royal governor, preparations were made to land incoming cargoes regardless of opposition. After failing to turn back the three ships in the harbor, local patriots led by Samuel Adams staged a spectacular drama. On the evening of December 16, 1773, three companies of fifty men each, masquerading as Mohawk Indians, passed through a tremendous crowd of spectators, went aboard the three ships, broke open the tea chests, and heaved them into the harbor.As the electrifying news of the Boston "tea party" spread, other seaports followed the example and staged similar acts of resistance of their own.

The Writing Style of The Moonstone

The Moonstone by Willie Collins has a very unique writing style, creating an overall effect on the reading experience. In this story, Collins decided to write his story by having his characters mark down their own experiences with the Moonstone. The audience is able to read different points of views from varying characters such as Gabriel Bettered, Ezra Jennings, Miss Dressily Clack and a few others. Each written narrative differed in writing style, experiences, and perspectives.By doing so, Collins revises a mystery that is seen through many different angles, producing an overall effect of a thoroughly analyzed mystery. Though each narrative holds a different story, they all come together as one, in which an ending of one narrative becomes the beginning of another. Thus, the mystery of the Moonstone flows nicely, even though different writing styles and perspectives are presented to the reader. The differences in writing styles and perspectives allow the readers to further Investiga te the mystery presented to them by becoming closer to the truth In a very intimate ay.This intimacy is due to the structure of the writing style, allowing the reader to delve into the mind of the character who is writing the narrative. The audience Is able to view the biases that the characters have on one another and how they view the situation at hand. By deciding to write In such a format, Collins gives the readers a chance to create an Internal relationship with each character, either liking or disliking. The reader is to take the course in which the character took and relives the character's past as if it was happening before them.The audience feels what the character feels and sees what the character sees; nothing Is hidden from the readers. If this story was written In any other way, the story would have a different effect on the readers. By having a normal story with the structure of a narrator narrating the events, the audience would not be able to connect with the charact ers as much as they would have with the story as It Is now. When there Is a narrator narrating a story, details such as how the characters feel and think become excluded room the story.Though seemingly minor, subtracting these details from a complicated mystery such as the Moonstone creates an empty mystery, a crime lacking In substance. Collins skillful weaving of narratives allows for a complex and unpredictable mystery to unfold for the audience, bringing forth a mystery that gives them the â€Å"detective-fever†. By extraterrestrial differences in writing styles and perspectives allow the readers to further investigate the mystery presented to them by becoming closer to the truth in a very intimate level into the mind of the character who is writing the narrative.The audience is the situation at hand. By deciding to write in such a format, Collins gives the readers a chance to create an internal relationship with each character, either liking or character feels and sees w hat the character sees; nothing is hidden from the readers. If this story was written in any other way, the story would have a different as much as they would have with the story as it is now. When there is a narrator lacking in substance. Collins skillful weaving of narratives allows for a complex and

Challenger Disaster essays

Challenger Disaster essays It would be difficult to argue the fact that the events of the brief flight of the Challenger that took place on January 28, 1986 was not an accident. By definition, an accident is an unexpected, undesirable event. The violent loss of one human life was in this case, an accident. Not only were the lives of the astronauts on board the Challenger lost, but members of their families were permanently altered as a result of the Challenger. Not only were the individuals on board the Challenger astronauts, but they were also spouses and parents to some and children and siblings to others. Although the consequences were anticipated, the emotional affects of that day will never escape the lives of those involved. Beyond the personal affects of the Challenger, the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), the George C, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), and Morton Thiokol (the prime contractor for the two solid-fuel boosters used to blast the shuttle into space) cannot refuse to admit that the results of the January 28, 1986 launch of the Challenger was an accident. But to admit that the results of the January 28, 1986 launch of the Challenger were an accident is not an explanation. It is safe to assume that, perhaps, thousands of people were involved in the research and development of the space station to bring it to the point in the history of the Challenger. The goal of the space program was set by former President John F. Kennedy when he proposed to put a man on the moon before the end of the decade. The goal was not to spend billions of dollars and to sacrifice the lives of human beings in order to win the space race. The question regarding the possibility of the Challe nger explosion being an accident does not require as much consideration as does the question regarding how did this lack of proper communication result in such a tremendous los...

Press Release September 2nd 2014 †Launch of Freelancer Profiles

Press Release September 2nd 2014 – Launch of Freelancer Profiles Press Release: September 2nd 2014 – Launch of Freelancer Profiles LONDON - 2/9/2014Self-publishing startup Reedsy officially launches today! Reedsy is excited to release to the public the first version of its website, progressively inviting editors and designers to join their marketplace over the course of the next 48 hours.Increasingly, authors are realising that publishing professionals don’t just work at the big publishing houses. This is what is making quality self-publishing possible. But where can authors find them? How do they know who they’re working with?That’s where Reedsy comes in. It helps authors collaborate with expert editors, book designers, marketers and translators to take their books to another level. Reedsy will only work with certified, industry-experienced freelancers so authors can find the best partners for their project.Reedsy will start by opening its marketplace to editors and book designers, the services no author can go without. Freelancers who are invited to the beta can sign up and create beautifu l profile pages. They can display the books they’ve worked on, the professional associations they belong to, and talk about the types of projects they’re looking to take on. Reedsy will be the first curated marketplace for publishing freelancers of its kind.But Reedsy’s founders’ vision is even more ambitious. â€Å"Reedsy will be an author’s secret weapon,† said Ricardo Fayet, one of the company’s co-founders. â€Å"Authors, whether they’re self-published or traditionally published, are only as good as the people they work with. Being a great writer is just one part of succeeding as an independent,† Ricardo said. â€Å"In a few weeks, we will be opening to authors, and letting them connect with our network of freelancers.†In time, authors will be able to use Reedsy as one place from which to manage every step of the publishing process. â€Å"We are working on a purpose-built eBook editor to make author-editor co llaboration easier than ever,† says Emmanuel Nataf.â€Å"It’s time to shake things up in the publishing industry. We want to combine the high standards of traditional publishing and the freedom and author-driven creativity of self-publishing. We want to take the ‘self’ out of self-publishing† concluded Emmanuel.Reedsy was founded by Emmanuel Nataf, Ricardo Fayet, Matthew Cobb, and Vincent Durant in 2014. They work from IDEALondon in Shoreditch, London. In May they joined Seedcamp, Europe’s top accelerator, and are financially backed by Seedcamp and Scottish publisher DC Thomson. They have previously been covered by Techcrunch and ShakeupTV.For more information contact Ricardo Fayet at ricardo@reedsy.com, or on +447957074543

Response Phase 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response Phase 2 - Essay Example am also pleased to see that you did not choose to have a one-size-fits-all contract in the transaction that you undertook but considered the best alternative in each case. This is a very insightful discussion, very well-researched and thought of. I learned a lot from it. Thanks. Your discussion has depth and substance by allowing me to absorb details on how to make the purchase a success. Your emphasis on the processes and factors which will ensure the smooth running and success of the scheduling tool is commendable. I like it that you made suggestions in some areas which will enable ADC to possible avoid mistakes and mitigate risk while operating the tool. However, let me suggest that you need to define your acronyms in order to be understood by the class. For example, instead of just saying FFP, you can elaborate by mentioning Firm Fixed Price. Also, you should add Guaranteed Maximum Shares Savings (GMSS) into your types of contracts. Having all of them for discussion will enable you to choose the best one.. ï Å  Your paper’s main strengths is its focus on two factors which allows ADC to make decisions according to the bases being risk minimization and time constraint. These factors are always present in real world situations and should really be taken into account when deciding about purchasing and installing tools for business operations. The process that you outlined in procuring the software is very logical. Yes, a company would have to search for vendors, products, and features available and a choice is made. The cost plus incentive contract that you choose is reasonable noting that the vendor and ADC shares the risk. However, I believe that you should also have outlined how it will work. Like how much costs should be shared and how much cost is fixed. With the company’s target of risk minimization, it should be prepared how to handle this situation. I suggest that instead of choosing a type of contract for the number of tasks, you could choose one

Napoleonic Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Napoleonic Wars - Essay Example He decided early on a military career and won a scholarship to a military academy. His ensuing military conquests threatened the stability of the world and made France a powerful force. He built an empire extending throughout Europe, but his quest for France's total world domination was doomed to failure. Napoleon was decidedly effective against the Austrians in Italy in 1796. Ever a great self-publicist, he maintained the popular profile of a political independent, thanks partly to the newspapers he ran. Because he controlled printed matter in France, he was able to influence public opinion. His political talents and military expertise on land expanded his powers. He did, however, fail in his attempt to invade Egypt, and, crushed by the British navy, he was forced to abandon much of his army and return to the European front. In the meantime, however, the French public was aware only of his military successes, and he was considered a hero. Napoleon took control of France after overthrowing the republic. By 1801, as First Consul, he had restored order in France. He established the Civil Code on March 21, 1804, and it was renamed Code Napoleon in 1907. With its stress on clearly written and accessible law, it was a major step in establishing the rule of law. The principal tenet of the Civil Code was that every French person was equal before the law. Napoleon wanted to replace a series of existing laws in France with a standard code for all people. However, the law was inconsistent in that it established supremacy of husband with respect to wife and children, but allowed divorce on a relatively liberal basis, including divorce by mutual consent. Other major points of the law were: Laws could be applied only if duly promulgated and if published officially. No secret laws were authorized. Ex post facto laws were prohibited. Judges prohibited from passing from general judgments of a legislative value. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopaedia Napoleon's empire controlled-either directly or through states under his sway-France, Portugal, Spain, modern-day Belgium and the Netherlands, and large parts of modern Italy, Germany and Poland. Alliance with Russia between 1807 and 1812, and dominance over the remaining continental powers of Austria and Prussia, showed the empire at its peak. Napoleon's rule began with the annihilation of the French monarchy, which would never again be in control. He established an independent nationhood based on ability and rose to power through political coups. The French Directory was replaced by the Consulate, a new government run by three consuls (Bonaparte, Sieys and Roger Ducos) with Bonaparte as First Consul (Time Traveller's). In 1804, Napoleon declared himself emperor and ruled from 1804-1814 when he abdicated to Elba, and then reclaimed power from March to June 1815. Continental System Napoleon established the Continental System in 1806, his scheme to stop all shipping of British goods into Europe, which ended up hurting France more than Britain, and leading to the rise of nationalism in Europe. The response of the United Kingdom with a counter blockade indirectly led to the War of 1812 (Napoleonic, 2006). One of the most dramatic results of this commercial warfare was "the English bombardment of

Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth - Essay Example As the essay stresses countries exposed to large capital flows must avoid intermediate regimes. It is also necessary to adopt a corner regime. According to these proponents, corner regimes sustainable regimes for long run. It has been found that SEA countries also shifted from an intermediate regime to intermediate regime. A vast literature has been dedicated to found out the preferred choice of exchange rate regime. The fundamentals identified by the OCA approach has given some guidance for observed regime choices. In 1980s, studies were focused on the role of shocks on the choice of regimes. This research incorporates considerations for macroeconomic stabilization. According to the report findings the real shocks allow flexibility and symmetry of shocks produces OCA. Shocks have been appeared in countries which have weak financial institutions. The counties with weak financial institutions intervene in the market in order to shield banking industries which are confronting large exchange rate movements. There are many authors who agree SEA countries should adopt a currency basket system in order to gain and maintain exchange rate stability and flexibility. As far as the macroeconomics situations of SEA countries are concerned, the most reasonable choice is managed floating regime. It is because managed floating regime is fewer complexes than currency basket system agree that managed floating regime would be less complex than the currency basket ... In 1980s, studies were focused on the role of shocks on the choice of regimes. This research incorporates considerations for macroeconomic stabilization. Authors have argued that nominal shocks actually raise the possibility of a fixed regime. The real shocks allow flexibility and symmetry of shocks produces OCA. Shocks have been appeared in countries which have weak financial institutions. The counties with weak financial institutions intervene in the market in order to shield banking industries which are confronting large exchange rate movements. There are many authors who agree SEA countries should adopt a currency basket system in order to gain and maintain exchange rate stability and flexibility. As far as the macroeconomics situations of SEA countries are concerned, the most reasonable choice is managed floating regime. It is because managed floating regime is fewer complexes than currency basket system agree that managed floating regime would be less complex than the currency basket (Hossain, M. 2011). Financial liberalization index Figure 1 A cross-country index indicating financial liberalization has been used to identify the development in the sector. It ranges between 0 and 18 (Abiad, 2005). This index is made during the period or 1973 to 1995 (Figure 1 and 2). First figure studies three initial countries i.e. Indonesia, Korea and Malaysia. For the last three years FLI is assumed to be constant. These both graphs indicate the exchange rate regime in six countries. The figure indicates that till 1977 all three countries were focusing on fixed regime but due changing conditions in 1979 Indonesia and Korea shifted to intermediate regime. While Malaysia remained consistent to fixed regime. 1993 onwards all three

How Societies Depend on Computers Essay Example for Free

How Societies Depend on Computers Essay In the 21st Century, the society that we live in has become highly dependent upon computers. The computers have increased the efficiency of the human resource by many times. It not only saves the society from a lot of work, but also acts as a source of entertainment. It is not only helping professionals in their office work but also helping children in their initial development. Businesses have reduced their requirements of human resource as they have adopted the computers in their processes. Teachers and professors use computers today to aid in their lectures and activities with the students. The students are highly dependent upon the computers as they study online, word process their assignments, print their documents, study from e-books and search for anything that they do not understand in the lectures. The professionals in the workplace use computers to manage their work, to make schedules, take notes, for accounting practices and for getting assisted in decision making. Many corporations have implemented systems using computers as an alternative to the human resource. Systems such as Enterprise Resource Systems (ERPs), Customer Relationship Systems (CRMs) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) help the top level management as well as the lower level staff to engage in best practices. Through these systems, the corporations reduce their costs, reduce inventory holding and get rid of excessive labor. The use of computers is not limited to the business today as governments have also started to incorporate computer systems in every aspect of public systems. Computers help monitor the traffic and manage the traffic through traffic signal lights and fines system. The computers have made it into the kitchens of households as they control the microwave heaters, fridge, freezers etc. The computers are also now everyone’s pockets these days as smart phones are getting common and cheaper day by day. The traditional mails are replaced 95% by e-mails, which are free, and the access to internet has also enabled many other services. Computers are also replacing televisions in many homes as they include DVD players and are less costly. The general-purpose attribute of the computers are making them everyone’s favorite. Everyone has some or the other use of computer daily. The banks are shifted to computers and internet banking has thrived. Where the computers are helping so much, they are also causing a lot of distress for many people and pain. Internet has made hacking easier for the hackers with the criminal intent. These hackers can erase important data and cause losses over millions. The popularity of computers has also brought with it the popularity of porn over the internet. There is no one who can stop children of illegal age to watch porn over the internet. Some say that the new generation is getting spoiled because of the access to the internet and computers at home and at schools. With the advent of computers, the privacy of the people has been stolen from them as anyone anywhere can take photographs from digital cameras and make videos. However, the society would still have suffered if there were no computers. We would still be living in the middle ages if the use of computers would not have flourished in the society. It would not have been possible to have a video chat with your relative living in another continent for free if the computers would not have been invented.

Intercultural Communication :: Sociology, Cultural Identity

With the development of economic globalization, intercultural communication has played a big part in international business activities. In order to carry out efficient intercultural communication, people should understand and focus on cultural identity more. Jameson (2007) stated that cultural identity which refers to a person’s status in a group includes six components: vocation, class, geography, philosophy, language, and biology (p.210). This essay will discuss that cultural identity of customers is an important consideration for Haier Group when it develops new product and market, especially when it comes to the class, geography vocation. Cultural identity linked to class has a great effect on a company’s marketing. The social and economic class which people belong to have big effect on their daily consumption decision (He & Liu, 2003, p.249). Leung (2005) claimed that social and economic status of people is the reliable indicators of which class people fall into, providing the valuable practical information for the enterprises (p.362). Generally speaking, the people who are in the high social and economic class usually are more willing to consume. In other words, it can mean the economic class of the consumer will directly affect the consumer demand and spending habit of consumer (Leung, 2005, p.370). Jameson (2007) found that â€Å"economic, social and educational classes often define groups of people who share common values, behavior, and attitudes; these cultural groups also cut across national and ethnic lines† (p.212). Therefore, the people belong to the same economic or social class may have the s imilar consumption tendency. The specific economic class usually requires a particular service or product. In general, Single white-collar crowds belong to the high –income class. They are the class who has considerable income, and they have the requirements of high quality of product. However, they don’t have too many clothes to wash. For example, when Haier Group enters into Japanese washing machine market, it found that most of the washing machines on the market are the big capacity. They are not suitable for the single white-collar class. Therefore, Haier Group designed and introduced a small capacity and high quality washing machine for them. The products are widely appreciated, and Haier Group firstly opened the door of Japan market. Owing to the profound impacts geographical environments exercise on human life, people living in different regions have different demands for the products. Jameson (2007) argued that â€Å"Geography creates cultural groups but not only in terms of nationality.

Abortion Not Necessary to Control Overpopulation :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Abortion Not Necessary to Control Overpopulation       Time and again the media has proposed the reasonableness of an abortive mentality because it is consistent with maintaining the world's population at a stable, feedable level. In order to examine the validity of this argument, it is necessary to look at related issues. To determine whether a nation is growing or dying, we must examine three factors: birth rate . . . death rate . . . immigration.    Birth Rate: This is the ultimate determinant. In a developed nation the average woman must bear 2.1 children (Mean Fertility Rate) in order to maintain a level population. In an undeveloped nation the rate must be 2.3 or more because of higher infant and child mortality.    Death Rate: In recent years fewer people have died than have been born in most countries because the average age of life expectancy has been extended. Everyone will die, of course, but for now this has resulted in increases in population.    Immigration and emigration: Many want to come into the U.S., Canada and most developed nations. Few want to move to Cuba, Libya or Russia. These dynamics explain why the total populations of the U.S., Canada and Australia (to pick three) are still growing, even though their birth rates are below replacement level. With a much higher percentage of their people aging, but still alive, most Western nations have a rapidly aging population. In the U.S. people born in 1970 had a life expectancy of 70 years. In 1993 it was 76 years. By 2050 it will be 82 years. (US News)    With heavy immigration to fill the younger age slots, we see a progressive change in ethnicity, e.g., the U.S. is becoming more Hispanic; Germany, France, Italy, Greece and Israel more Muslim. In Italy, the birth rate is 1.2, the lowest in the world in countries keeping accurate records. In '93, there were 5,265 more Italians buried than were born. If this continues unchanged, within 100 years, its population will shrink from 57 to 15 million, with half of those over 65 years old.    Russia is worse. Accurate statistics are not available, but by the mid '90s, estimates place the birth rate under 1.0 among non-Muslims and burials exceeding births at over 1 million per year. (Boston Globe)    But notice the change in age groups. There were four in the working years for each one retired.

Gender Discrimination Essay

How can you balance work and having a life? Balancing work and life you have to build downtime into your schedule. Make a point to spend time with family and friends. Set up activities that everyone can do and you can combine the two. Set goals, plan and organize what should come first. Having your goals set is much easier than to just go day to day. Work/Life balance is all about flexibility, but to have flexibility you need a support system around you. Both at work and at home. If you don’t have the support it’s harder to deal. Having structure is important because it brings certainty into your world. Without structure life is a bit more chaotic. You then find that you use both physical and emotional energy to bring meaning and clarity to different situations. A good way to improve on your skills is to write things down. It may help you balance out your day, week, or even a whole month. Manage is a world which comes from experience. There are people who took things as they come and manage them accordingly. It is a will power and self-confidence which play a dice game here. Considering women are good managers when they balanced office and home life. Women have a lot going on when it comes to life period. In a large majority of families with children, both parents work, and women now hold half of all jobs. Majority of the time women do more of home caregiving then men. Some men think longs as they bring home the bacon that’s all they need to do. Not at all, women work 40 hours a week, have to get kids ready for school, cook, clean, ECT. In my case school to for the adult and I’m a single parent. It’s so many issues and that alone can cause tension in your  relationship. Many women assume that the men in their lives pick up signals and hints about stuff like needing help at the house, and many men (not all, but honestly most that I’ve had any kind of close relationship with) just aren’t good with those signals. I suppose it’s a classic issue within genders as well; it seems like many people assume that they’re sending out all kinds of signals to their boss that they want to move up, or have too big a workload, or whatever, those signals aren’t getting picked up on their end, and then we just get more and more frustrated! This should help people get a better understanding of working out your life and work life so that they both can balance. Everyone’s situation is different but it’ll all come together if you prioritize your life balance. Many people are able to accommodate work and home. You can solve your work life problem if your home life is up to par. Pat Katepoo, Founder, WorkOptions.com http://www.womensconference.org/a-flexible-work-life/ Year Published: 2008 Melanie Hawks is the Learning and Development Coordinator at the J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah.

Free Essays on Edgar Poe

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Edgar Allan Poe was one of America’s famous poets, fiction short-story writers, and literary critics. He is known as the first master of short story form especially in tales of horror, and mystery. The work he produced was considered to be some of the most influential literary criticism of his time. His poems made him one of the most famous figures in American literary history. His influence on literature is seen in all literature books in schools everywhere. Some of his famous writings is that of "Annabel Lee"; his detective story, "The Murders in Rue Morgue"; "The Pit and the Pendulum" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" are the best among his horror stories; and The Raven one of his best poems which among all these, made him very famous in 1845. "The Fall of the House of Usher", and "The Masque of the Red Death", made him a forerunner of symbolism, and impressionism. Poe antagonized many people with a scathing campaign against an American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow for supposed plagiarism. Later that year Poe admitted to being drunk, which further separated him from the public. Poe’s later years were full of economic hardship and ill health. Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. He was orphaned at the early age of two, his father deserted the family and his mother died all before he was three in 1811, then Poe became a ward and was raised as a foster child by John Allan, a wealthy merchant of tobacco, and his wife Frances in Richmond, VA but they never legally adopted him. Taken by the Allan family to England at the age of six, Poe was placed in a private school. In 1826 Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. where he acquired gambling debts that John Allan refused to pay. Eventually, Poe was forced to withdraw from the university, and Allan prevented his return to the university and broke off Poe’s engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his Richmond sweethea... Free Essays on Edgar Poe Free Essays on Edgar Poe Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Edgar Allan Poe was one of America’s famous poets, fiction short-story writers, and literary critics. He is known as the first master of short story form especially in tales of horror, and mystery. The work he produced was considered to be some of the most influential literary criticism of his time. His poems made him one of the most famous figures in American literary history. His influence on literature is seen in all literature books in schools everywhere. Some of his famous writings is that of "Annabel Lee"; his detective story, "The Murders in Rue Morgue"; "The Pit and the Pendulum" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" are the best among his horror stories; and The Raven one of his best poems which among all these, made him very famous in 1845. "The Fall of the House of Usher", and "The Masque of the Red Death", made him a forerunner of symbolism, and impressionism. Poe antagonized many people with a scathing campaign against an American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow for supposed plagiarism. Later that year Poe admitted to being drunk, which further separated him from the public. Poe’s later years were full of economic hardship and ill health. Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. He was orphaned at the early age of two, his father deserted the family and his mother died all before he was three in 1811, then Poe became a ward and was raised as a foster child by John Allan, a wealthy merchant of tobacco, and his wife Frances in Richmond, VA but they never legally adopted him. Taken by the Allan family to England at the age of six, Poe was placed in a private school. In 1826 Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. where he acquired gambling debts that John Allan refused to pay. Eventually, Poe was forced to withdraw from the university, and Allan prevented his return to the university and broke off Poe’s engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his Richmond sweethea...

Do these cliché career tips actually work

Do these clichà © career tips actually work Does this sound familiar? You’re trying to figure out your future and you’re in the midst of some serious career planning, when all of a sudden you’re inundated on all sides by a hurricane of advice on what to do, what not to do, and how to move forward. The truth is, when it comes to career planning most people think they have all the right answers when they’re dishing out clichà ©d and uninformed advice to others, and if you’re the unwitting recipient of these tired tips from everyone in your life you’re likely feeling overwhelmed and unsure of where to turn.Don’t bother doing a blind search on the Internet for career tip guidance- you’ll only encounter the same sort of tired advice that contradicts itself and takes all sides and forms depending on where you look. So, with all of this â€Å"career noise† at every turn, how do you know what to believe and follow?You should always do what you love.This is a nice thought, and it would be an interesting world if everyone got to do exactly what they want to do or love. But the truth is, reality sometimes holds a different view of how our careers should play out. While it can be a good idea to pursue a dream, it can be foolhardy to pursue it forever- after all, a noble pursuit like following your dream won’t pay your bills. Besides, it’s possible to find happiness and fulfillment while pursuing a backup plan. Use logic and reality as your guide when deciding between pursuing your dream and choosing an acceptable alternative.Don’t leave your current job until you have a new one lined up.This job advice tidbit is as old as it gets- but does that necessarily mean it’s sound advice? This tip gets particularly murky if your job environment is especially toxic or unhealthy. Sure, it makes sense to have a steady paycheck and job history while job hunting and until something new comes along, but life is short and if you’re re ally in a difficult or miserable spot, then it may be worthwhile to see if you can survive if you left your job. Besides, it’s easier to job hunt when you have more time to focus on it. Once again, fully weigh your situation, along with the pros and cons, and decide wisely.Don’t leave a job before you’ve been there for at least a year.Everyone has heard this one before, but is it actually sound advice? Employers like to work with people who stick around since it’s so expensive to recruit and train them.†However, they also suggest that reality might not be so black and white: â€Å"While you want to avoid having  lots  of short stays in your job history, most people will understand if there was a particular situation that wasn’t great. If it’s your boss or the day-to-day nature of your work that’s  not what you expected, keep in mind that there are sometimes options to change positions without leaving the organization. Sta rt by looking for new responsibilities and discussing a  transfer to another team. If, after that, you’re still itching to get out, update your resume and re-start your job hunt.†If you change your field you’ll have to start at the bottom.Are you finding yourself in a position where you’re thinking of a complete career overhaul? If so, then you’ve undoubtedly encountered this advice, which came from the notion that you always have to â€Å"pay your dues† when starting out in an industry and work your way up from the bottom. But whoever originally came up with this one obviously never thought about the value of transferable work experience and skills. According to The Muse, â€Å"if you’ve already put time into your current career, you probably have more skills that transfer from field to field than you recognize. Not just that, but your years of work have also taught you how to network, which can play a role in getting off the groun d floor.† Bottom line: recognize your value and transferable skill set when considering what positions in other fields make sense for you, and don’t let this tired old clichà © deter you from pursuing a new career in a new field.There you have it- a fresh look on some old career tip clichà ©s. Use the information provided here to help declutter your brain when it gets too full of competing advice and you’ll be on your way to make smart career decisions in no time.

Prince William essays

Prince William essays In this essay, Prince William will be discussed based on information obtained through research on him and his family including general and personal information on him, his schooling and the important influences in his life. Prince William Arthur Phillip Louis Windsor is one of the most known people in the world despite the fact that he is only sixteen. This essay contains general information on Prince William, personal information, Prince Williamss education and his life story obtained from various magazine articles throughout his life. General information will include who Prince William is, where he was born, different forms of his name, and what other monarchists he is related to and how he is related to them. For personal information, Prince Williams physical description, his "likes and dislikes," and his personality will be discussed. His childhood schools will be mentioned and a description of Eton College will be included. The public can often obtain as much information on a famous person's life as they want and because of this abundance of information, Prince William's life will be detailed along with his influences in his life like Princess Diana, Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Prince Henry, and Alexandria "Tiggy" Legge-Bourke. "History-to-History" will include another member of the royal family born in 1066 named William I "the Conqueror," who was as famous during his ruling period as much as Prince William is in the 1990s. This essay will cover the above topics. Prince William of Whales is second in line of inheritance to the British throne after Prince Charles of Whales, who is first. He was born June 21, 1982 at 9:03 p.m. weighing seven pounds, ten ounces at Saint Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London after his mother endured seventeen hours of labor. When he was born, his father, Prince Charles said "Nearly seventeen hours is a long time to wait ... Obviously, I am relieve...

Basis for Violent Crimes Committed by Teenage Offenders Research Proposal

Basis for Violent Crimes Committed by Teenage Offenders - Research Proposal Example Applicable Sources Peak (2012), in his book, Justice Administration: Police, Courts, and Corrections Management, has shown that when teenagers turn to criminal actions, this suggests a number of issues are at the heart of why this is happening, such as the environment of the child with non-existent adult supervision, friends who are in gangs, and failure within the school system in classwork achievements. There are also not enough regular after-school programs that young people can get involved in and, with a weakened economy, what community programs are in place, are having their public funding reduced or cut altogether. Violent video games are also seen as being part of the creation of violent behaviors in those without the ability to separate fiction from reality. In this respect, and in alignment with friends who aside from playing violent video games and who also engage in gang activities, this type of environment applies to the social learning theory, whereby what others do, is considered cool or normal (Peak 2012). Teenagers, who have not learned yet to analyze new media literacy, meaning the truth of what is seen, rather than what the message implies, learn that what they encounter, is (to them) what life really is as a standard level of living. While other teenagers head home to read their school books and do homework, at-risk teenagers go to hang out with their friends who engage in criminal activities instead. Therefore, reinforcement of negative influences by friends and through media viewpoints (violent video games, violent movies), will condition an at-risk teenager towards a life of crime. Juvenile justice systems encounter many at-risk teenagers,... Basis for Violent Crimes Committed by Teenage Offenders Juvenile offenders, aged 18 and under, are committing more violent crimes such as murders of old people and babies and, in order to find a solution to why this is happening, the background and environments of these offenders must be examined further to determine what is setting off these crimes. There is speculation that a lack of adult parenting or supervision is one cause. Another suspected cause is that teenagers play too many violent video games and perhaps, the theory of social learning should be applied here during research. It would also appear that current judgments and punishments made against young offenders, do not deter them enough so that they would move away from the environment that assists or encourages them to commit these crimes. Communities are also stressed because rehabilitative services operate on limited budgets and, with an overload of cases, care and attention will also be limited. In the community itself, people are more afraid because, with youthful offenders, one cannot always protect oneself against younger criminals because laws also protect the young against abuse. Therefore, it is imperative to find the solutions to both problems in offender social environments and also in the sentencing laws for juvenile offenders. The plan is to submit immediately to the Institutional Review Board for permission to conduct this study. The research requires a great amount of work, first in vetting the studies for inclusion into the database, and second, for reviewing enough research studies, books and case studies for inclusion into the literature review.

No Leadership in the NOPD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

No Leadership in the NOPD - Research Paper Example Discriminatory policing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 4. Systemic Deficiencies causing or contributing to Unconstitutional Conduct†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 III. How the lack of Leadership contributes to Poor Policing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 IV. Leadership Tactics required to Correct the highlighted Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 V. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 VI. Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 Abstract The New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) has for extended periods been a troubled agency in which the core elements of effective policing such as concise policies, accountability, training, and confidence of the citizenry, have been lacking for years. Frequently, officers within NOPD show absence of respect for the civil rights and dignity of the community. Although, the a significant section of the force can be regarded as hardworking and committed to public safety, a sizeable number of the force do not comprehend or choose to ignore the boundaries of constitutional policing. Policing is evidently complex; nevertheless, experience and research within the policing f ield have demonstrated that bending the rules and disregarding the constitution renders effective policing much more complex. The systematic violations of civil rights erode public confidence, renders policing to be difficult, less secure, and less effective emanates from leadership crisis within NOPD. The paper reviews the report by United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division on NOPD’s officers’ misconduct and views from a normative (organizational) viewpoint rather than a series of individual acts. This necessitates examination of the entire organization rather than mere individual officer or incident. I. Introduction Police misconduct has for an extended period been a serious problem within America. Historically, reforms efforts have largely failed due to an organizational culture that is resistant to change in which reforms address individual incidents while at the same time disregarding underpinning organizational problems. Hence, the reforms, the NO PD desperately needs should not essentially be directed towards improving public perception, but rather enhancing organizational soundness. The reform efforts should be directed at improving police organizational culture touching on virtuous conduct, or encouraging police officers to act in a way that is consistent with the constitution and public trust. The idea that poor-quality leadership possesses negative effects for individuals is not new; research has demonstrated that poor leadership links to ineffective policing. Poor leadership also link to heightened incidences of stress among the officers and heightened risk of retaliation. Poor leadership by the supervisors makes some officers feel a sense of helplessness and alienation from work. Policing within the 21st century demands alignment of professional standards, in which officers play a leading role within leadership development, with the public’s vision for policing (Baker, 2011). There is adequate

Ethical and Legal Problems & Employee Benefits Assignment

Ethical and Legal Problems & Employee Benefits - Assignment Example Thus, protocol ethics are closely associated with equity-based recognition. In addition, employees have to make key decisions either as an employee or as a shareholder. Each of these levels requires different reasoning and responsibilities. Ethics related to loyalty towards the company comes into consideration. For instance, an employee may have knowledge of some sensitive information about the company. However, he is not expected to release such information to ordinary shareholders. Equity-based recognition plan also attract a number of legal issues. Worker, who upgrades their status into shareholders of the company, requires a new set of legislation to protect their interests. For instance, legal issues related to bankruptcy of the company are applicable in the recognition plan. Workers need to know their accountability to the company’s liabilities. Leaders should be aware of possible abuse of employee’s that might result from equity-based recognition. In order to prevent any form of abuse, leaders should ensure that company employees understand their responsibilities and rights both as company employees and as a shareholder. In addition, leaders should ensure that legislation and ethics associated with the plan are clearly stipulated in workers contracts. Retirement benefit authority is a scheme managed by the government to provide financial support to the elderly population. Although the government and other social welfare encourage organization to enroll their employees for retirement benefits, most of them do not provide the benefit. Retirement benefit scheme divide industries into two categories. The first category is for industries that provide the service to their employees while the second category consist industries that do not provide the service. There is also a significant inclination of certain

Bowlby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bowlby - Essay Example This is where the process of coming up with the attachment theory came in. he watched the behavior of the children keenly and how they behaved when they were left by their mothers (Rachel 78). This theory of attachment came to bring confusion with another theory known as the behavioral theory of attachment which Dollard and Miller had come up with in the year 1950. The theory had underrated the bond of a child and a mother. The behavioral theory stated that the child became attached to the mother for the reason that the mother fed the child. Bowlby suggested that attachment was adaptive and it plays a major role in the surviving of the child. He said that the infants feel the need to be close to the people who take care of them when they are stressed up. The stages of attachment go by the age of the child. When the child is 3 months old most children respond well to all people that take care of them this is referred to as indiscriminate attachment. 4 months there is preference for certain people. 7 months preference to a specific person and after nine months there is multiple attachments where the baby becomes independent (Jerry

Restraints and seclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Restraints and seclusion - Essay Example aises the concern if restrained re-traumatizes the sick at their most vulnerable, if seclusion damages the alliance of therapeutic and if that is the case if it can undergo justification. Studies from Massachusetts consider the vulnerable to be mostly affected by seclusion. The vulnerable consist of those with past sexual abuse, physical abuse, physical trail, developmentally disabled, physically trail, and sensory impaired patients. Therefore, seclusion can easily lead to re-traumatization to the above named group of individual. LaFond, R. (2007, September). Reducing Seclusion and Restraint for Improved Patient and Staff Safety. In a https://www.crisisprevention.com., 2 (4), 12 Retrieved July 9, 2013, from https://www.crisi prevention .com/CPI/media /Media/Resources/research/Lafond-from-07-JSM-JOU-002. Pdf This article â€Å"Reducing seclusion and restraint for improved patient and staff safety† by Randall Lafond talks about the benefits of avoiding seclusion and restraints for patients. The author states that there should be legal law which reduces seclusion and restraint among patients. The article explains the way in which health care services disregard the importance of the reduction of seclusion and restraints. He states that staff must be trained to encourage the practice of reducing seclusion and restraint among patients. As per LaFond, â€Å"In the baseline year of 2002, 83 episodes of seclusion and restraint were documented. The total documented time was 220:03 minutes against 1606 admissions and a total of 16,054 patient days†. He asserts that for the safety of psychiatric patients the reduction of seclusion and restraints is important. Master, K. (2004). Can narrative therapy decrease the use of seclusion and restraint, 2 (4), 34. Retrieved July 8, 2013, from http://www.aacap.org/AACAP/M ember Resources/Practice_Information/SR_Articles/Can_Narrative_Therapy_Decrease_th e_Use_of_Seclusion_and_Restraint.aspx This article by Kim Masters states whether

Bowlby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bowlby - Essay Example This is where the process of coming up with the attachment theory came in. he watched the behavior of the children keenly and how they behaved when they were left by their mothers (Rachel 78). This theory of attachment came to bring confusion with another theory known as the behavioral theory of attachment which Dollard and Miller had come up with in the year 1950. The theory had underrated the bond of a child and a mother. The behavioral theory stated that the child became attached to the mother for the reason that the mother fed the child. Bowlby suggested that attachment was adaptive and it plays a major role in the surviving of the child. He said that the infants feel the need to be close to the people who take care of them when they are stressed up. The stages of attachment go by the age of the child. When the child is 3 months old most children respond well to all people that take care of them this is referred to as indiscriminate attachment. 4 months there is preference for certain people. 7 months preference to a specific person and after nine months there is multiple attachments where the baby becomes independent (Jerry

Is Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain Research Paper

Is Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain - Research Paper Example As for drugs like marijuana and heroin, their molecules have a similar structure to neurotransmitters, and thus they activate nerve cells in order to form even harmful synaptic connections as well as send abnormal messages. Cocaine and methamphetamine, on the other hand, would cause the overproduction of neutransmitters like dopamine, which eventually â€Å"shuts off† synaptic communication or the signaling between neurons and alters the brain’s reward system (â€Å"Drug Facts,† 2011). As the addiction continues, it is getting harder and harder to bring the dopamine level to normal in order to produce the same rewarding or satisfying feeling, thus more and more amount of drugs is needed to achieve this. Another effect of drug addiction on the brain is altering glutamate, which is actually associated with the brain’s reward system and cognitive function. Long term abuse, therefore, may impair the glutamate and consequently affect judgment, learning, memory, behavior control, and decision-making activities of the drug addict (â€Å"Drug Facts,† 2011). ... tion is not a brain disease because of two reasons: First, â€Å"the changes in the brain which [those who are on the opposite side of the issue] show us are not abnormal at all,† and second, â€Å"there is no evidence that the behavior of addicts is compulsive [or involuntary† (â€Å"Addiction is NOT,† 2012). For the first reason, those who believe that drug addiction is a disease often point out to brain images of neuroadaptations and a totally different prefrontal cortex that both result from a repetitive intake of drugs. According to authors of Clean Slate, this is not abnormal at all because any human being can alter the synaptic pathways of his brain simply through constant practice, and the authors point out Begley and Jeffrey Schwartz, who both authored The Mind and The Brain. Both authors pointed out in their book that the scanned images of both experienced and inexperienced taxi drivers in London are not the same in terms of the prefrontal cortex, but t his does not necessarily mean that drivers who do not know much of the city would have a mental disease. The point is that â€Å"these brain changes don’t need to be brought on by exposure to chemicals,† and since there is no physiologic malfunction and that there are no pathologically affected parts, then the author of Clean Slate contends that drug addiction is not a disease (â€Å"Addiction is NOT,† 2012). In fact, the aforementioned claim is rather supported by Satel and Lilienfeld (2007), who state, â€Å"In the days between binges, cocaine addicts make many [normal everyday] decisions that have nothing to do with drug-seeking.† However, although it makes perfect logical sense that drug addicts do not act like drug addicts all the time, it is basically the same thing with AIDS patients since these people can