Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth - Essay Example As the essay stresses countries exposed to large capital flows must avoid intermediate regimes. It is also necessary to adopt a corner regime. According to these proponents, corner regimes sustainable regimes for long run. It has been found that SEA countries also shifted from an intermediate regime to intermediate regime. A vast literature has been dedicated to found out the preferred choice of exchange rate regime. The fundamentals identified by the OCA approach has given some guidance for observed regime choices. In 1980s, studies were focused on the role of shocks on the choice of regimes. This research incorporates considerations for macroeconomic stabilization. According to the report findings the real shocks allow flexibility and symmetry of shocks produces OCA. Shocks have been appeared in countries which have weak financial institutions. The counties with weak financial institutions intervene in the market in order to shield banking industries which are confronting large exchange rate movements. There are many authors who agree SEA countries should adopt a currency basket system in order to gain and maintain exchange rate stability and flexibility. As far as the macroeconomics situations of SEA countries are concerned, the most reasonable choice is managed floating regime. It is because managed floating regime is fewer complexes than currency basket system agree that managed floating regime would be less complex than the currency basket ... In 1980s, studies were focused on the role of shocks on the choice of regimes. This research incorporates considerations for macroeconomic stabilization. Authors have argued that nominal shocks actually raise the possibility of a fixed regime. The real shocks allow flexibility and symmetry of shocks produces OCA. Shocks have been appeared in countries which have weak financial institutions. The counties with weak financial institutions intervene in the market in order to shield banking industries which are confronting large exchange rate movements. There are many authors who agree SEA countries should adopt a currency basket system in order to gain and maintain exchange rate stability and flexibility. As far as the macroeconomics situations of SEA countries are concerned, the most reasonable choice is managed floating regime. It is because managed floating regime is fewer complexes than currency basket system agree that managed floating regime would be less complex than the currency basket (Hossain, M. 2011). Financial liberalization index Figure 1 A cross-country index indicating financial liberalization has been used to identify the development in the sector. It ranges between 0 and 18 (Abiad, 2005). This index is made during the period or 1973 to 1995 (Figure 1 and 2). First figure studies three initial countries i.e. Indonesia, Korea and Malaysia. For the last three years FLI is assumed to be constant. These both graphs indicate the exchange rate regime in six countries. The figure indicates that till 1977 all three countries were focusing on fixed regime but due changing conditions in 1979 Indonesia and Korea shifted to intermediate regime. While Malaysia remained consistent to fixed regime. 1993 onwards all three

How Societies Depend on Computers Essay Example for Free

How Societies Depend on Computers Essay In the 21st Century, the society that we live in has become highly dependent upon computers. The computers have increased the efficiency of the human resource by many times. It not only saves the society from a lot of work, but also acts as a source of entertainment. It is not only helping professionals in their office work but also helping children in their initial development. Businesses have reduced their requirements of human resource as they have adopted the computers in their processes. Teachers and professors use computers today to aid in their lectures and activities with the students. The students are highly dependent upon the computers as they study online, word process their assignments, print their documents, study from e-books and search for anything that they do not understand in the lectures. The professionals in the workplace use computers to manage their work, to make schedules, take notes, for accounting practices and for getting assisted in decision making. Many corporations have implemented systems using computers as an alternative to the human resource. Systems such as Enterprise Resource Systems (ERPs), Customer Relationship Systems (CRMs) and Decision Support Systems (DSS) help the top level management as well as the lower level staff to engage in best practices. Through these systems, the corporations reduce their costs, reduce inventory holding and get rid of excessive labor. The use of computers is not limited to the business today as governments have also started to incorporate computer systems in every aspect of public systems. Computers help monitor the traffic and manage the traffic through traffic signal lights and fines system. The computers have made it into the kitchens of households as they control the microwave heaters, fridge, freezers etc. The computers are also now everyone’s pockets these days as smart phones are getting common and cheaper day by day. The traditional mails are replaced 95% by e-mails, which are free, and the access to internet has also enabled many other services. Computers are also replacing televisions in many homes as they include DVD players and are less costly. The general-purpose attribute of the computers are making them everyone’s favorite. Everyone has some or the other use of computer daily. The banks are shifted to computers and internet banking has thrived. Where the computers are helping so much, they are also causing a lot of distress for many people and pain. Internet has made hacking easier for the hackers with the criminal intent. These hackers can erase important data and cause losses over millions. The popularity of computers has also brought with it the popularity of porn over the internet. There is no one who can stop children of illegal age to watch porn over the internet. Some say that the new generation is getting spoiled because of the access to the internet and computers at home and at schools. With the advent of computers, the privacy of the people has been stolen from them as anyone anywhere can take photographs from digital cameras and make videos. However, the society would still have suffered if there were no computers. We would still be living in the middle ages if the use of computers would not have flourished in the society. It would not have been possible to have a video chat with your relative living in another continent for free if the computers would not have been invented.

Intercultural Communication :: Sociology, Cultural Identity

With the development of economic globalization, intercultural communication has played a big part in international business activities. In order to carry out efficient intercultural communication, people should understand and focus on cultural identity more. Jameson (2007) stated that cultural identity which refers to a person’s status in a group includes six components: vocation, class, geography, philosophy, language, and biology (p.210). This essay will discuss that cultural identity of customers is an important consideration for Haier Group when it develops new product and market, especially when it comes to the class, geography vocation. Cultural identity linked to class has a great effect on a company’s marketing. The social and economic class which people belong to have big effect on their daily consumption decision (He & Liu, 2003, p.249). Leung (2005) claimed that social and economic status of people is the reliable indicators of which class people fall into, providing the valuable practical information for the enterprises (p.362). Generally speaking, the people who are in the high social and economic class usually are more willing to consume. In other words, it can mean the economic class of the consumer will directly affect the consumer demand and spending habit of consumer (Leung, 2005, p.370). Jameson (2007) found that â€Å"economic, social and educational classes often define groups of people who share common values, behavior, and attitudes; these cultural groups also cut across national and ethnic lines† (p.212). Therefore, the people belong to the same economic or social class may have the s imilar consumption tendency. The specific economic class usually requires a particular service or product. In general, Single white-collar crowds belong to the high –income class. They are the class who has considerable income, and they have the requirements of high quality of product. However, they don’t have too many clothes to wash. For example, when Haier Group enters into Japanese washing machine market, it found that most of the washing machines on the market are the big capacity. They are not suitable for the single white-collar class. Therefore, Haier Group designed and introduced a small capacity and high quality washing machine for them. The products are widely appreciated, and Haier Group firstly opened the door of Japan market. Owing to the profound impacts geographical environments exercise on human life, people living in different regions have different demands for the products. Jameson (2007) argued that â€Å"Geography creates cultural groups but not only in terms of nationality.

Abortion Not Necessary to Control Overpopulation :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Abortion Not Necessary to Control Overpopulation       Time and again the media has proposed the reasonableness of an abortive mentality because it is consistent with maintaining the world's population at a stable, feedable level. In order to examine the validity of this argument, it is necessary to look at related issues. To determine whether a nation is growing or dying, we must examine three factors: birth rate . . . death rate . . . immigration.    Birth Rate: This is the ultimate determinant. In a developed nation the average woman must bear 2.1 children (Mean Fertility Rate) in order to maintain a level population. In an undeveloped nation the rate must be 2.3 or more because of higher infant and child mortality.    Death Rate: In recent years fewer people have died than have been born in most countries because the average age of life expectancy has been extended. Everyone will die, of course, but for now this has resulted in increases in population.    Immigration and emigration: Many want to come into the U.S., Canada and most developed nations. Few want to move to Cuba, Libya or Russia. These dynamics explain why the total populations of the U.S., Canada and Australia (to pick three) are still growing, even though their birth rates are below replacement level. With a much higher percentage of their people aging, but still alive, most Western nations have a rapidly aging population. In the U.S. people born in 1970 had a life expectancy of 70 years. In 1993 it was 76 years. By 2050 it will be 82 years. (US News)    With heavy immigration to fill the younger age slots, we see a progressive change in ethnicity, e.g., the U.S. is becoming more Hispanic; Germany, France, Italy, Greece and Israel more Muslim. In Italy, the birth rate is 1.2, the lowest in the world in countries keeping accurate records. In '93, there were 5,265 more Italians buried than were born. If this continues unchanged, within 100 years, its population will shrink from 57 to 15 million, with half of those over 65 years old.    Russia is worse. Accurate statistics are not available, but by the mid '90s, estimates place the birth rate under 1.0 among non-Muslims and burials exceeding births at over 1 million per year. (Boston Globe)    But notice the change in age groups. There were four in the working years for each one retired.

Gender Discrimination Essay

How can you balance work and having a life? Balancing work and life you have to build downtime into your schedule. Make a point to spend time with family and friends. Set up activities that everyone can do and you can combine the two. Set goals, plan and organize what should come first. Having your goals set is much easier than to just go day to day. Work/Life balance is all about flexibility, but to have flexibility you need a support system around you. Both at work and at home. If you don’t have the support it’s harder to deal. Having structure is important because it brings certainty into your world. Without structure life is a bit more chaotic. You then find that you use both physical and emotional energy to bring meaning and clarity to different situations. A good way to improve on your skills is to write things down. It may help you balance out your day, week, or even a whole month. Manage is a world which comes from experience. There are people who took things as they come and manage them accordingly. It is a will power and self-confidence which play a dice game here. Considering women are good managers when they balanced office and home life. Women have a lot going on when it comes to life period. In a large majority of families with children, both parents work, and women now hold half of all jobs. Majority of the time women do more of home caregiving then men. Some men think longs as they bring home the bacon that’s all they need to do. Not at all, women work 40 hours a week, have to get kids ready for school, cook, clean, ECT. In my case school to for the adult and I’m a single parent. It’s so many issues and that alone can cause tension in your  relationship. Many women assume that the men in their lives pick up signals and hints about stuff like needing help at the house, and many men (not all, but honestly most that I’ve had any kind of close relationship with) just aren’t good with those signals. I suppose it’s a classic issue within genders as well; it seems like many people assume that they’re sending out all kinds of signals to their boss that they want to move up, or have too big a workload, or whatever, those signals aren’t getting picked up on their end, and then we just get more and more frustrated! This should help people get a better understanding of working out your life and work life so that they both can balance. Everyone’s situation is different but it’ll all come together if you prioritize your life balance. Many people are able to accommodate work and home. You can solve your work life problem if your home life is up to par. Pat Katepoo, Founder, WorkOptions.com http://www.womensconference.org/a-flexible-work-life/ Year Published: 2008 Melanie Hawks is the Learning and Development Coordinator at the J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah.

Free Essays on Edgar Poe

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Edgar Allan Poe was one of America’s famous poets, fiction short-story writers, and literary critics. He is known as the first master of short story form especially in tales of horror, and mystery. The work he produced was considered to be some of the most influential literary criticism of his time. His poems made him one of the most famous figures in American literary history. His influence on literature is seen in all literature books in schools everywhere. Some of his famous writings is that of "Annabel Lee"; his detective story, "The Murders in Rue Morgue"; "The Pit and the Pendulum" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" are the best among his horror stories; and The Raven one of his best poems which among all these, made him very famous in 1845. "The Fall of the House of Usher", and "The Masque of the Red Death", made him a forerunner of symbolism, and impressionism. Poe antagonized many people with a scathing campaign against an American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow for supposed plagiarism. Later that year Poe admitted to being drunk, which further separated him from the public. Poe’s later years were full of economic hardship and ill health. Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. He was orphaned at the early age of two, his father deserted the family and his mother died all before he was three in 1811, then Poe became a ward and was raised as a foster child by John Allan, a wealthy merchant of tobacco, and his wife Frances in Richmond, VA but they never legally adopted him. Taken by the Allan family to England at the age of six, Poe was placed in a private school. In 1826 Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. where he acquired gambling debts that John Allan refused to pay. Eventually, Poe was forced to withdraw from the university, and Allan prevented his return to the university and broke off Poe’s engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his Richmond sweethea... Free Essays on Edgar Poe Free Essays on Edgar Poe Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) Edgar Allan Poe was one of America’s famous poets, fiction short-story writers, and literary critics. He is known as the first master of short story form especially in tales of horror, and mystery. The work he produced was considered to be some of the most influential literary criticism of his time. His poems made him one of the most famous figures in American literary history. His influence on literature is seen in all literature books in schools everywhere. Some of his famous writings is that of "Annabel Lee"; his detective story, "The Murders in Rue Morgue"; "The Pit and the Pendulum" and "The Tell-Tale Heart" are the best among his horror stories; and The Raven one of his best poems which among all these, made him very famous in 1845. "The Fall of the House of Usher", and "The Masque of the Red Death", made him a forerunner of symbolism, and impressionism. Poe antagonized many people with a scathing campaign against an American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow for supposed plagiarism. Later that year Poe admitted to being drunk, which further separated him from the public. Poe’s later years were full of economic hardship and ill health. Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. He was orphaned at the early age of two, his father deserted the family and his mother died all before he was three in 1811, then Poe became a ward and was raised as a foster child by John Allan, a wealthy merchant of tobacco, and his wife Frances in Richmond, VA but they never legally adopted him. Taken by the Allan family to England at the age of six, Poe was placed in a private school. In 1826 Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. where he acquired gambling debts that John Allan refused to pay. Eventually, Poe was forced to withdraw from the university, and Allan prevented his return to the university and broke off Poe’s engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his Richmond sweethea...

Do these cliché career tips actually work

Do these clichà © career tips actually work Does this sound familiar? You’re trying to figure out your future and you’re in the midst of some serious career planning, when all of a sudden you’re inundated on all sides by a hurricane of advice on what to do, what not to do, and how to move forward. The truth is, when it comes to career planning most people think they have all the right answers when they’re dishing out clichà ©d and uninformed advice to others, and if you’re the unwitting recipient of these tired tips from everyone in your life you’re likely feeling overwhelmed and unsure of where to turn.Don’t bother doing a blind search on the Internet for career tip guidance- you’ll only encounter the same sort of tired advice that contradicts itself and takes all sides and forms depending on where you look. So, with all of this â€Å"career noise† at every turn, how do you know what to believe and follow?You should always do what you love.This is a nice thought, and it would be an interesting world if everyone got to do exactly what they want to do or love. But the truth is, reality sometimes holds a different view of how our careers should play out. While it can be a good idea to pursue a dream, it can be foolhardy to pursue it forever- after all, a noble pursuit like following your dream won’t pay your bills. Besides, it’s possible to find happiness and fulfillment while pursuing a backup plan. Use logic and reality as your guide when deciding between pursuing your dream and choosing an acceptable alternative.Don’t leave your current job until you have a new one lined up.This job advice tidbit is as old as it gets- but does that necessarily mean it’s sound advice? This tip gets particularly murky if your job environment is especially toxic or unhealthy. Sure, it makes sense to have a steady paycheck and job history while job hunting and until something new comes along, but life is short and if you’re re ally in a difficult or miserable spot, then it may be worthwhile to see if you can survive if you left your job. Besides, it’s easier to job hunt when you have more time to focus on it. Once again, fully weigh your situation, along with the pros and cons, and decide wisely.Don’t leave a job before you’ve been there for at least a year.Everyone has heard this one before, but is it actually sound advice? Employers like to work with people who stick around since it’s so expensive to recruit and train them.†However, they also suggest that reality might not be so black and white: â€Å"While you want to avoid having  lots  of short stays in your job history, most people will understand if there was a particular situation that wasn’t great. If it’s your boss or the day-to-day nature of your work that’s  not what you expected, keep in mind that there are sometimes options to change positions without leaving the organization. Sta rt by looking for new responsibilities and discussing a  transfer to another team. If, after that, you’re still itching to get out, update your resume and re-start your job hunt.†If you change your field you’ll have to start at the bottom.Are you finding yourself in a position where you’re thinking of a complete career overhaul? If so, then you’ve undoubtedly encountered this advice, which came from the notion that you always have to â€Å"pay your dues† when starting out in an industry and work your way up from the bottom. But whoever originally came up with this one obviously never thought about the value of transferable work experience and skills. According to The Muse, â€Å"if you’ve already put time into your current career, you probably have more skills that transfer from field to field than you recognize. Not just that, but your years of work have also taught you how to network, which can play a role in getting off the groun d floor.† Bottom line: recognize your value and transferable skill set when considering what positions in other fields make sense for you, and don’t let this tired old clichà © deter you from pursuing a new career in a new field.There you have it- a fresh look on some old career tip clichà ©s. Use the information provided here to help declutter your brain when it gets too full of competing advice and you’ll be on your way to make smart career decisions in no time.

Prince William essays

Prince William essays In this essay, Prince William will be discussed based on information obtained through research on him and his family including general and personal information on him, his schooling and the important influences in his life. Prince William Arthur Phillip Louis Windsor is one of the most known people in the world despite the fact that he is only sixteen. This essay contains general information on Prince William, personal information, Prince Williamss education and his life story obtained from various magazine articles throughout his life. General information will include who Prince William is, where he was born, different forms of his name, and what other monarchists he is related to and how he is related to them. For personal information, Prince Williams physical description, his "likes and dislikes," and his personality will be discussed. His childhood schools will be mentioned and a description of Eton College will be included. The public can often obtain as much information on a famous person's life as they want and because of this abundance of information, Prince William's life will be detailed along with his influences in his life like Princess Diana, Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth, Prince Henry, and Alexandria "Tiggy" Legge-Bourke. "History-to-History" will include another member of the royal family born in 1066 named William I "the Conqueror," who was as famous during his ruling period as much as Prince William is in the 1990s. This essay will cover the above topics. Prince William of Whales is second in line of inheritance to the British throne after Prince Charles of Whales, who is first. He was born June 21, 1982 at 9:03 p.m. weighing seven pounds, ten ounces at Saint Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London after his mother endured seventeen hours of labor. When he was born, his father, Prince Charles said "Nearly seventeen hours is a long time to wait ... Obviously, I am relieve...

Basis for Violent Crimes Committed by Teenage Offenders Research Proposal

Basis for Violent Crimes Committed by Teenage Offenders - Research Proposal Example Applicable Sources Peak (2012), in his book, Justice Administration: Police, Courts, and Corrections Management, has shown that when teenagers turn to criminal actions, this suggests a number of issues are at the heart of why this is happening, such as the environment of the child with non-existent adult supervision, friends who are in gangs, and failure within the school system in classwork achievements. There are also not enough regular after-school programs that young people can get involved in and, with a weakened economy, what community programs are in place, are having their public funding reduced or cut altogether. Violent video games are also seen as being part of the creation of violent behaviors in those without the ability to separate fiction from reality. In this respect, and in alignment with friends who aside from playing violent video games and who also engage in gang activities, this type of environment applies to the social learning theory, whereby what others do, is considered cool or normal (Peak 2012). Teenagers, who have not learned yet to analyze new media literacy, meaning the truth of what is seen, rather than what the message implies, learn that what they encounter, is (to them) what life really is as a standard level of living. While other teenagers head home to read their school books and do homework, at-risk teenagers go to hang out with their friends who engage in criminal activities instead. Therefore, reinforcement of negative influences by friends and through media viewpoints (violent video games, violent movies), will condition an at-risk teenager towards a life of crime. Juvenile justice systems encounter many at-risk teenagers,... Basis for Violent Crimes Committed by Teenage Offenders Juvenile offenders, aged 18 and under, are committing more violent crimes such as murders of old people and babies and, in order to find a solution to why this is happening, the background and environments of these offenders must be examined further to determine what is setting off these crimes. There is speculation that a lack of adult parenting or supervision is one cause. Another suspected cause is that teenagers play too many violent video games and perhaps, the theory of social learning should be applied here during research. It would also appear that current judgments and punishments made against young offenders, do not deter them enough so that they would move away from the environment that assists or encourages them to commit these crimes. Communities are also stressed because rehabilitative services operate on limited budgets and, with an overload of cases, care and attention will also be limited. In the community itself, people are more afraid because, with youthful offenders, one cannot always protect oneself against younger criminals because laws also protect the young against abuse. Therefore, it is imperative to find the solutions to both problems in offender social environments and also in the sentencing laws for juvenile offenders. The plan is to submit immediately to the Institutional Review Board for permission to conduct this study. The research requires a great amount of work, first in vetting the studies for inclusion into the database, and second, for reviewing enough research studies, books and case studies for inclusion into the literature review.

No Leadership in the NOPD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

No Leadership in the NOPD - Research Paper Example Discriminatory policing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 4. Systemic Deficiencies causing or contributing to Unconstitutional Conduct†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 III. How the lack of Leadership contributes to Poor Policing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 IV. Leadership Tactics required to Correct the highlighted Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 V. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 VI. Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 Abstract The New Orleans Police Department (NOPD) has for extended periods been a troubled agency in which the core elements of effective policing such as concise policies, accountability, training, and confidence of the citizenry, have been lacking for years. Frequently, officers within NOPD show absence of respect for the civil rights and dignity of the community. Although, the a significant section of the force can be regarded as hardworking and committed to public safety, a sizeable number of the force do not comprehend or choose to ignore the boundaries of constitutional policing. Policing is evidently complex; nevertheless, experience and research within the policing f ield have demonstrated that bending the rules and disregarding the constitution renders effective policing much more complex. The systematic violations of civil rights erode public confidence, renders policing to be difficult, less secure, and less effective emanates from leadership crisis within NOPD. The paper reviews the report by United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division on NOPD’s officers’ misconduct and views from a normative (organizational) viewpoint rather than a series of individual acts. This necessitates examination of the entire organization rather than mere individual officer or incident. I. Introduction Police misconduct has for an extended period been a serious problem within America. Historically, reforms efforts have largely failed due to an organizational culture that is resistant to change in which reforms address individual incidents while at the same time disregarding underpinning organizational problems. Hence, the reforms, the NO PD desperately needs should not essentially be directed towards improving public perception, but rather enhancing organizational soundness. The reform efforts should be directed at improving police organizational culture touching on virtuous conduct, or encouraging police officers to act in a way that is consistent with the constitution and public trust. The idea that poor-quality leadership possesses negative effects for individuals is not new; research has demonstrated that poor leadership links to ineffective policing. Poor leadership also link to heightened incidences of stress among the officers and heightened risk of retaliation. Poor leadership by the supervisors makes some officers feel a sense of helplessness and alienation from work. Policing within the 21st century demands alignment of professional standards, in which officers play a leading role within leadership development, with the public’s vision for policing (Baker, 2011). There is adequate

Ethical and Legal Problems & Employee Benefits Assignment

Ethical and Legal Problems & Employee Benefits - Assignment Example Thus, protocol ethics are closely associated with equity-based recognition. In addition, employees have to make key decisions either as an employee or as a shareholder. Each of these levels requires different reasoning and responsibilities. Ethics related to loyalty towards the company comes into consideration. For instance, an employee may have knowledge of some sensitive information about the company. However, he is not expected to release such information to ordinary shareholders. Equity-based recognition plan also attract a number of legal issues. Worker, who upgrades their status into shareholders of the company, requires a new set of legislation to protect their interests. For instance, legal issues related to bankruptcy of the company are applicable in the recognition plan. Workers need to know their accountability to the company’s liabilities. Leaders should be aware of possible abuse of employee’s that might result from equity-based recognition. In order to prevent any form of abuse, leaders should ensure that company employees understand their responsibilities and rights both as company employees and as a shareholder. In addition, leaders should ensure that legislation and ethics associated with the plan are clearly stipulated in workers contracts. Retirement benefit authority is a scheme managed by the government to provide financial support to the elderly population. Although the government and other social welfare encourage organization to enroll their employees for retirement benefits, most of them do not provide the benefit. Retirement benefit scheme divide industries into two categories. The first category is for industries that provide the service to their employees while the second category consist industries that do not provide the service. There is also a significant inclination of certain

Bowlby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bowlby - Essay Example This is where the process of coming up with the attachment theory came in. he watched the behavior of the children keenly and how they behaved when they were left by their mothers (Rachel 78). This theory of attachment came to bring confusion with another theory known as the behavioral theory of attachment which Dollard and Miller had come up with in the year 1950. The theory had underrated the bond of a child and a mother. The behavioral theory stated that the child became attached to the mother for the reason that the mother fed the child. Bowlby suggested that attachment was adaptive and it plays a major role in the surviving of the child. He said that the infants feel the need to be close to the people who take care of them when they are stressed up. The stages of attachment go by the age of the child. When the child is 3 months old most children respond well to all people that take care of them this is referred to as indiscriminate attachment. 4 months there is preference for certain people. 7 months preference to a specific person and after nine months there is multiple attachments where the baby becomes independent (Jerry

Restraints and seclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Restraints and seclusion - Essay Example aises the concern if restrained re-traumatizes the sick at their most vulnerable, if seclusion damages the alliance of therapeutic and if that is the case if it can undergo justification. Studies from Massachusetts consider the vulnerable to be mostly affected by seclusion. The vulnerable consist of those with past sexual abuse, physical abuse, physical trail, developmentally disabled, physically trail, and sensory impaired patients. Therefore, seclusion can easily lead to re-traumatization to the above named group of individual. LaFond, R. (2007, September). Reducing Seclusion and Restraint for Improved Patient and Staff Safety. In a https://www.crisisprevention.com., 2 (4), 12 Retrieved July 9, 2013, from https://www.crisi prevention .com/CPI/media /Media/Resources/research/Lafond-from-07-JSM-JOU-002. Pdf This article â€Å"Reducing seclusion and restraint for improved patient and staff safety† by Randall Lafond talks about the benefits of avoiding seclusion and restraints for patients. The author states that there should be legal law which reduces seclusion and restraint among patients. The article explains the way in which health care services disregard the importance of the reduction of seclusion and restraints. He states that staff must be trained to encourage the practice of reducing seclusion and restraint among patients. As per LaFond, â€Å"In the baseline year of 2002, 83 episodes of seclusion and restraint were documented. The total documented time was 220:03 minutes against 1606 admissions and a total of 16,054 patient days†. He asserts that for the safety of psychiatric patients the reduction of seclusion and restraints is important. Master, K. (2004). Can narrative therapy decrease the use of seclusion and restraint, 2 (4), 34. Retrieved July 8, 2013, from http://www.aacap.org/AACAP/M ember Resources/Practice_Information/SR_Articles/Can_Narrative_Therapy_Decrease_th e_Use_of_Seclusion_and_Restraint.aspx This article by Kim Masters states whether

Bowlby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bowlby - Essay Example This is where the process of coming up with the attachment theory came in. he watched the behavior of the children keenly and how they behaved when they were left by their mothers (Rachel 78). This theory of attachment came to bring confusion with another theory known as the behavioral theory of attachment which Dollard and Miller had come up with in the year 1950. The theory had underrated the bond of a child and a mother. The behavioral theory stated that the child became attached to the mother for the reason that the mother fed the child. Bowlby suggested that attachment was adaptive and it plays a major role in the surviving of the child. He said that the infants feel the need to be close to the people who take care of them when they are stressed up. The stages of attachment go by the age of the child. When the child is 3 months old most children respond well to all people that take care of them this is referred to as indiscriminate attachment. 4 months there is preference for certain people. 7 months preference to a specific person and after nine months there is multiple attachments where the baby becomes independent (Jerry

Is Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain Research Paper

Is Drug Addiction a Disease of the Brain - Research Paper Example As for drugs like marijuana and heroin, their molecules have a similar structure to neurotransmitters, and thus they activate nerve cells in order to form even harmful synaptic connections as well as send abnormal messages. Cocaine and methamphetamine, on the other hand, would cause the overproduction of neutransmitters like dopamine, which eventually â€Å"shuts off† synaptic communication or the signaling between neurons and alters the brain’s reward system (â€Å"Drug Facts,† 2011). As the addiction continues, it is getting harder and harder to bring the dopamine level to normal in order to produce the same rewarding or satisfying feeling, thus more and more amount of drugs is needed to achieve this. Another effect of drug addiction on the brain is altering glutamate, which is actually associated with the brain’s reward system and cognitive function. Long term abuse, therefore, may impair the glutamate and consequently affect judgment, learning, memory, behavior control, and decision-making activities of the drug addict (â€Å"Drug Facts,† 2011). ... tion is not a brain disease because of two reasons: First, â€Å"the changes in the brain which [those who are on the opposite side of the issue] show us are not abnormal at all,† and second, â€Å"there is no evidence that the behavior of addicts is compulsive [or involuntary† (â€Å"Addiction is NOT,† 2012). For the first reason, those who believe that drug addiction is a disease often point out to brain images of neuroadaptations and a totally different prefrontal cortex that both result from a repetitive intake of drugs. According to authors of Clean Slate, this is not abnormal at all because any human being can alter the synaptic pathways of his brain simply through constant practice, and the authors point out Begley and Jeffrey Schwartz, who both authored The Mind and The Brain. Both authors pointed out in their book that the scanned images of both experienced and inexperienced taxi drivers in London are not the same in terms of the prefrontal cortex, but t his does not necessarily mean that drivers who do not know much of the city would have a mental disease. The point is that â€Å"these brain changes don’t need to be brought on by exposure to chemicals,† and since there is no physiologic malfunction and that there are no pathologically affected parts, then the author of Clean Slate contends that drug addiction is not a disease (â€Å"Addiction is NOT,† 2012). In fact, the aforementioned claim is rather supported by Satel and Lilienfeld (2007), who state, â€Å"In the days between binges, cocaine addicts make many [normal everyday] decisions that have nothing to do with drug-seeking.† However, although it makes perfect logical sense that drug addicts do not act like drug addicts all the time, it is basically the same thing with AIDS patients since these people can

The seven Gorge site has been designated a world heritage site Essay Example for Free

The seven Gorge site has been designated a world heritage site Essay The seven George site has been designated a world heritage site. Use the sources, and your own knowledge, to explain why this site is Considered to be so important The seven George has been designated a world heritage site for the simple reason that it Is seen to be such an important site. It is where the iron revolution began. In this piece of coursework I am going to study all of the sources and my own knowledge to explain why the seven George is seen to be so important. Source A shows the importance of the seven George site because it shows that Darby moved to the Coalbrookdale area and took out a lease on works which were made up of an old blast furnace and some forges. From what started as a small sustainable business he then built up a large profitable one. He cast iron goods in sand out of the blast furnace, which was fuelled by using wood charcoal. Later on he went onto using pit coal to power the furnace this was a technological advance to the iron industry. Source B shows the importance of the seven George site because it states that the woods provided abundant fuel for the furnaces. As trade grew in Coalbrookdale the supply of wood decreased so it became very expensive and scarce. Business must have been successful because they had used a large amount of wood for fuel. The Coalbrookdale foundry produced between 5 and 10 tons of iron in a week (they must have been successful to produce such large amounts of iron). Business must have been successful because they produced a range of items e.g. smoothing irons, doorframes, weights etc. Source C shows the importance of the seven George site because it shows the transportation links and what methods of transport which were available e.g. wagons, barge these were all good means of transport. Transport was needed to transport iron items. Turnpike trusts were used as better and smoother transportation links. Source C shows us a number of blast furnaces that leads us to think that there was a lot of iron produced at the site. Lots of wood have been cut-down this could be because the wood was needed in the early days of the iron industry. Source D shows the importance of the seven George site because it shows a number of furnaces in use, also shows that a lot of woods have been cut down. Source E shows the importance of the seven George site because its a map showing a number of ironworks, raw materials, transportation it gives us a full under standing about how things were run. It shows the raw materials were made into the finished goods in the area. It shows good transportation links (turnpike trusts) roads rivers etc. so they could move their products from one place to another more easily. Source F shows the importance of the seven George site because the first ever iron bridge was built there. It had one big arch and was made from cast iron (nothing had ever been made before). It shows the skill of the people who built the bridge. They had built something no one had ever built before. The source shows that the family was thinking about efficiency (wagon ways made of iron rather than wood). All materials were found on or near by. (this made it an excellent site to produce iron) everything from digging up the raw materials to the finished product was all done in Coalbrookdale. Source G shows importance of the seven George site because it shows Darby had thought of many improvements. He had lots innovations that made his business stand out from the others. Darby had roads laid (turnpike trusts) and had them also laid with sleepers and rails. It shows the importance of transportation to the business to move raw materials. Discovered coke for smelting iron from its ore, efficient and profitable method. Source H shows the importance of the seven George site because it shows there were blast furnaces at Coalbrookdale and states the size and different types. Source I shows the importance of the seven George site because its a modern diagram showing how the old furnace worked. The technology that was being used at the time. Source K shows the importance of the seven George site because it states that Coalbrookdale was one mile long and states that the site was quite large. The source tells us about the Iron Bridge being constructed, it says what a huge job it was to build. The bridge was a great advertisement for the company and made the company very famous. It shows another use of iron. Source L shows the importance of the seven George site because its a reconstruction of a toll house, it shows good transport (roads) these roads are known as turnpike roads. Maybe they used roads to transport iron goods. Source M shows the importance of the seven George site because its a reconstruction of a candle makers workshop. It shows a growing business in the Coalbrookdale area (people used candles for lighting their homes) shown a growing population around Coalbrookdale. the site was important because of other industries as well as iron. There are lots of reasons for why the seven George site is seen to be so important. The site is seen to be very important. The site is seen to be where the industrial revolution began. (Very important). The site is not just important in Britain! but also throughout the entire world! The industrial revolution began in Britain and other countries followed. The site is very important because it is one of only a few world heritage sites. The site has been preserved as much as possible and there are a number of museum sites so that the importance of the site and so it can be remembered. Thousands visit the site each year.

The Process Of Coastal Erosion Environmental Sciences Essay

The Process Of Coastal Erosion Environmental Sciences Essay Coastal erosion is a natural process in which sand and rocks are dislodged from the shoreline by various eroding agents. Wave erosion is one of the major eroding agents which erode the beaches by breaking the rocks. In coastal erosion land is permanently and completely shifted from one region to another. The intensity of erosion along a beach is influenced by how hard a wave hits it; the intensity of the wave depends on tides and the water density. Coast erosion usually affects most people that live along the coastline and also the marine organisms that have their habitats along estuaries, bays and very shallow parts of the ocean water. Discussion Many coastline are facing rampant coastal erosion and mostly in the Atlantic and gulf where erosion percentages are about 6% per year. Many coastlines within the United States of America have been affected by coastal erosion and in our study today we will concentrate on the coastal erosion in Louisiana specifically along the Mississippi river. Wetlands within the United States are declining at a very fast rate in the past 200 years, this because of the increase in the natural evolutionary processes and also some human activities such as dredging. The wetlands within Louisiana are vast and wide as they extend to about 130 kilometers inland and 300km onshore. Various wetlands within the U.S.A are in stable conditions but the one in Louisiana if not quickly addressed it will be completely eroded in the next two hundred years (Dunne and Knapp 123). The delta plains within the Mississippi river together with its shorelines have been the recipient of sediment deposition by the river dating back to seven thousand years back. There have been shifts in the course of the Mississippi river which has resulted in the staking of sand and mud which later formed deltas which were abandoned by the changing of the river course. These delta began eroding and degrading reason being the following factors; the subsequent increase in the water level which may have been caused by global warming, bombardment by the loose sediment which may have been deposited and also the reason may have been the sudden occurrence of storms which could have washed away the sand particles which were deposited on the deltas. Other than the above reasons the natural marine processes did erode the margins of the deltas which were seaward leading to the formation of barrier beaches and also sandy headlands. Erosion subsequently continued resulting to the barrier islands which were of low relief and eventually causing separation with the main land by lagoons and shallow bays The erosion of the coastal shorelines in Louisiana has really led to the environmental and economic decline of the region as compared to the past. If urgent measures are not addressed the wetland in Louisiana will be no more. Due to the erosion of the deltas there was formation of barrier islands which acted as buffer zones hence leading to the decline of the ocean wave effects to the surrounding wetland and estuaries. Researchers have come up with findings that tend to explain that if the eroding of the barrier islands continue they will be no more by the climax of this century hence exposing the wetlands to the mighty force of marine processes which include; tidal power, transportation of sediments, wave action and the intrusion of salinity. These marine processes will therefore lead to the degrading of the wetlands. Coastal erosion which is also known as shoreline retreat can cause a lot of economic losses since the following sectors are adversely affected and they include ; agric ulture, tourism which to some countries is the main source of income, fishing and shipping as harbors are also affected (Finkl and Khalil 206). In Louisiana there are oil refineries and energy production sites and therefore through coastal erosion such activities are hampered and disrupted. In certain estimation by economists it was noted that if oil refineries in Louisiana were to be hampered for three continuous weeks then the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s economy could suffer a setback of three hundred thousand jobs and also the loss of over one billion dollars. In a study conducted by waldemar nelson he states that if the coastal erosion is not corrected then the following economic conditions are likely to be affected: the transportation of oil and gas may be disrupted, navigation will also be hampered as erosion will make it difficult to navigate through the Mississippi river, commercial fishing may be hampered and some recreational activities like surfing may be affected. These are the direct impacts that may accrue as a result of coastal erosion. In a study conducted by Richardson and Scott they stated that coast erosion will impact a lot in the general economy of the United States of America. They further stated that there will be loss of jobs, decline in the household earnings and some of the business transitions of economy may be affected if the coastal erosion continues to disrupt industries in Louisiana. These are the indirect challenges that Louisiana may face as a result of the coastal erosion. Louisiana has had a decline in its wetlands for the past thirty years or so due to this a body of experts was formed to address this problem. This body was known as coastal wetlands planning, protection and restoration act which was made up of a task force whose responsibility was to keenly monitor, implement and design the conservation of the coast and also they were to make a follow up of the restoration projects that were being undertaken (Limnological Society of Southern Africa 81). For the purpose of their duties these task force were u fed with the high resolution and colored photographs of the region which were usually taken through aerial photography. These photographs enabled them to monitor the restoration progress and this was to continue for a period of twenty years. This taskforce always submitted a report of its findings and restoration projects to the congress. The projects to be undertaken were usually ranked regarding their costs and the benefits that were to be acqu ired from it. There is a formula which was used in accessing the benefits and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s calculated through a methodology which is usually known as the wetland value assessment. Every year restoration projects were to be done and they include; restoration of the hydrology, protection of the shoreline, restoration of the barrier island, diversions of sediments, marsh management, proper use the material which is dredged, introduction of fresh water, planting vegetation and trapping of nutrients and sediments. A special body was established to monitor the progress and effectiveness of the projects. In the restoration of the coastal erosion in Louisiana the project needed an approximate of five hundred billion dollars to one billion dollar. These amounts were to assist in the protection of Louisiana against hurricane attacks (Morton 08). It is noted that it is not nature alone that is to be blamed on the degradation and destruction of wetlands in Louisiana but also the human activities which have been taking place in the Mississippi river delta. The following are some of the activities; there has been construction of levees which were designed to channel the riversà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ waters two thousand kilometers inland hence leading to the transportation of sediments which were deposited far from the coast. This sediment was of importance as they usually nourished the wetlands. Another human activity that has degraded the coast was the dredging of canals which were to be used in the facilitating of hydrocarbon exploration and its production, these led to the intrusion of salty water to the wetland from the Gulf of Mexico. Finally the drainage of water into the wetland so as to give room for development and agriculture has led to the loss and subsequent deterioration of the wetland (Finkl and Khalil 187). There are various ideas which have been put forward to address the problem of erosion of the Barrier Island and wetlands. Some of the ideas include; the restoration of the coast through the nourishment of the barrier island, sand and other materials that were dredged to be distributed to the wetlands, some other people state that a new navigation channel to be created so as to allow the delta plains to proceed normally with their erosion. These ideas still have their pros and cons as they still affect some communities, some interests in agriculture and also the petroleum and oil industry. There are various engineering solutions which are very expensive to implement for instance building of breakwaters so as to prevent the full force of the waves from hitting the wetland and also building of breakwaters. This idea is viable but it is very costly. The only way curb this problem is by understanding how wetlands and barrier islands change or evolve. Various coordinated studies are showing how the nature intended both the wetland and barrier island to work. Therefore in the planning process the researchers should take into consideration how they evolve rather than going contrary to Mother Nature. Some studies are also trying to examine the possibilities of replacing sediments with very fine grained sediments. All this are very good and attainable ideas but up to date all the engineering actions performed are still fruitless (Dunne and Knapp 128). .

The Human Eye in Space :: essays research papers

Human visual hardware is a result of a billion years of evolution within the earths atmosphere where light is scattered by molecules of air, moisture, particular matter etc. However as we ascend into our atmosphere with decrease density, light distribution is changed resulting in our visual hardware receiving visual data in different format. Some Aspects to Consider: 1. Visual acuity is the degree to which the details and contours of objects are perceived. Visual acuity is usually defined in terms of minimum separable.Large variety of factors influence this complex phenomenon which includes : # Optical factors- state of the image forming mechanisms of the eye. # Retinal factors such as the state of the cones. # Stimulus factors such as illumination, brightness of the stimulus, contrast between the stimulus and background, length of time exposed to the stimulus. * Minimum separable: shortest distance by which two lines can be separated and still be perceived as two lines. "During the day, the earth has a predominantly bluish cast..... I could detect individual houses and streets in the low humidity and cloudless areas such as the Himalaya mountain area.... I saw a steam locomotive by seeing the smoke first..... I also saw the wake of a boat on a large river in the Burma-India area... and a bright orange light from the British oil refinery to the south of the city (Perth,Australia.)" The above observation was made by Gordon Cooper in Faith 7 [1963] and which generated much skepticism in the light of the thesis by Muckler and Narvan "Visual Surveillance and Reconnaissance from space vehicles" in which they determined that a visual angle of ten minutes was the operational minimum, and that the minimum resolvable object length [M.R.O.L] at an altitude of 113 miles would be 1730 ft. This limitation of acuity was revised the next year to 0.5 seconds of arc for an extended contrasting line and 15 seconds of arc for minimum separation of two points sharply contrasting with the background. Orbiting at 237 miles in the skylab it was possible to see the entire east coast [Canada to Florida Keys] and resolve details of a 500 feet long bridge based on inference. Of Interest is the fact that even though the mechanical eye [camera systems] can resolve objects greater than fifty times better than the human eye, without the human ability to infer, interpretation of the data is meaningless. Conclusion: Visual acuity in space exceeds that of earth norm when objects with linear extension such as roads, airfields, wake of ships etc. 2. Stereoscopic vision: the perception of two images as one by means of fusing the impressions on both retinas. In space one has to deal with a poverty of reference points.

Persepolis Essays -- Marjane Satrapi

Persepolis Amazing, intriguing, and unimaginable are just a few words to describe how I felt about Persepolis while I read this true life story of Marjane Satrapi. This book has helped me to see all the life struggles, good times, and adversities that Marji faced between the ages of nine to thirteen. The Islamic Revolution had such a daunting effect in the Middle East, especially in the county of Iran where Marji and her family resided. In the year of 1979 all that Marjane knew what it was like to not have to be forced into wearing a veil. Before the Islamic Revolution she was able to attend a a French Non-Religious school where girls and boys were allowed to study and play together. Unfortunately her world of carefree ness ended once the Islamic government decided to change their ways and force others to conform to their religious beliefs of what is right and wrong. Marjanne was raised by two very independent and brilliant parents who were upper middle class people. Her parents tried to raise her to believe that she could be anything that she wanted to be as long as she put her mind to it. Mr. Satrapi would give Marji books on communism and by Marz, because her father was a Marxist. Once the Islamic revolution took over Iran Marji had to wear the veil and was not allowed to go to school with her male friends because it is not of Islam for children of different sexes to be educated in a unisex school environment. Marjane's mother Mrs. Satrapi was a protester and her and her husband believed in protesting for things that they did not believe in. Protesting was seen as demonstrations that meant bad to all who participated in them. Well Mrs. Satrapi, was photographed by a German photographer in the act of protesting one day... ...had a law that if a virgin woman was against the Islamic Revolution she would be married first to her enemy and she would be de-virginized and then killed. I found this really appalling not only were these girls about to be killed because they had different opinions, but first their innocence would be taken from them. I really enjoyed this book and it made me sympathize with the good people in the Middle East. It was nice to see how Marjane Satrapi grew up and try to learn how difficult life was for her and her people. This book made me really grateful for all that I have been blessed with through God. This novel taught me a lot about Iranian history and how the whole Islamic Revolution began. This novel was so good that I am in the process of going to buy the follow-up to her novel. Bibliography: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. Paris: Pantheon Books, 2003. Persepolis Essays -- Marjane Satrapi Persepolis Amazing, intriguing, and unimaginable are just a few words to describe how I felt about Persepolis while I read this true life story of Marjane Satrapi. This book has helped me to see all the life struggles, good times, and adversities that Marji faced between the ages of nine to thirteen. The Islamic Revolution had such a daunting effect in the Middle East, especially in the county of Iran where Marji and her family resided. In the year of 1979 all that Marjane knew what it was like to not have to be forced into wearing a veil. Before the Islamic Revolution she was able to attend a a French Non-Religious school where girls and boys were allowed to study and play together. Unfortunately her world of carefree ness ended once the Islamic government decided to change their ways and force others to conform to their religious beliefs of what is right and wrong. Marjanne was raised by two very independent and brilliant parents who were upper middle class people. Her parents tried to raise her to believe that she could be anything that she wanted to be as long as she put her mind to it. Mr. Satrapi would give Marji books on communism and by Marz, because her father was a Marxist. Once the Islamic revolution took over Iran Marji had to wear the veil and was not allowed to go to school with her male friends because it is not of Islam for children of different sexes to be educated in a unisex school environment. Marjane's mother Mrs. Satrapi was a protester and her and her husband believed in protesting for things that they did not believe in. Protesting was seen as demonstrations that meant bad to all who participated in them. Well Mrs. Satrapi, was photographed by a German photographer in the act of protesting one day... ...had a law that if a virgin woman was against the Islamic Revolution she would be married first to her enemy and she would be de-virginized and then killed. I found this really appalling not only were these girls about to be killed because they had different opinions, but first their innocence would be taken from them. I really enjoyed this book and it made me sympathize with the good people in the Middle East. It was nice to see how Marjane Satrapi grew up and try to learn how difficult life was for her and her people. This book made me really grateful for all that I have been blessed with through God. This novel taught me a lot about Iranian history and how the whole Islamic Revolution began. This novel was so good that I am in the process of going to buy the follow-up to her novel. Bibliography: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. Paris: Pantheon Books, 2003.

How My Childhood Experience Have Shaped Me to What I Am Today Essay

When I recall my childhood memories, there are many stories. Childhood is special for everyone. My childhood memories have shaped me into the person I am today. There are many different childhood memories that I can remember that really made an impact on how my personality is today. Some of memories make me happy, but others make me grow up. The memories that made my growing happened when I was about 6 years old and my mom used to take me swimming as she sat nearby and I swam in the evenings. One day for some reason I can’t recall she wasn’t there, nor were there any guards. I was swimming in the shallow, and God knows why, I moved over to the deep. You can imagine I was a little kid . Suddenly I lost grip and began to drown. But I didn’t resist. I just kept sinking till I had reached the bottom and after 10 seconds I felt myself suffocating. But I still remained perfectly still This 18 years old girl came out of nowhere, I have no idea how she figured out (I never knew her), she pulled me up and asked me if I was okay. I was choking and later I began bleeding from the nose, another Lady took me to the toilet to wash my nose. And this unidentified girl left, never to be seen again. It’s hard to explain, but trust me I would have died that day. And no one would have noticed. She left, and I could never thank her. I was too young to even comprehend the severity of the casualty I was leading myself into. I still remember her, and it’s like this memory is a part of me. I have been grateful to people ever since and made my loved ones realize how much they mean to me from time to time. There’s nothing more tragic than losing someone you never got to thank or tell how much you value them. Until now i already grow up but i still remember about this childhood experience, and this memories keep remind me don’t let death and separation to guilt and regrets, just make the best use of time you have. I’ll cherish everything the childhood experience taught me and shaped me who I am now.

Concept Paper or Pre-Proposal

Statement of the problem †¢Statement of the solution †¢Brief statement of how the solution will benefit the reader(s) II. Background†¢Explanation of key terms †¢Proof that you know the issues surrounding the problem †¢Proof that you know what action has been taken to solve similar problems †¢Proof that you (or someone you are associated with) can carry out the action plan III. Action Plan and Requirements†¢A set of objectives (what your plan will accomplish) †¢An action plan (who will do what when) keyed to the objectives †¢A description of what you need to implement the plan A cost/benefit analysis of the plan IV. Benefits†¢An explanation of why the plan will work †¢A set of outcomes keyed to the objectives †¢A description of how you and the reader(s) will benefit †¢Proof that you are the best person or team to carry out the action plan †¢A statement demonstrating that your plan is the best approach to solving the problem Ideas or Content Problem statement Since you will ask your reader(s) to give you something, you must first establish that there is a problem that needs to be solved. If you are responding to an agency's Request for Proposals (RFP), the problem will be given to you.This is a solicited proposal. However, if you are requesting support or approval for your own idea (e. g. , a product design,technological innovation, and/or process), you must clearly state the problem and explain why you think it is a problem. This is an unsolicited proposal. A template for a statement of purpose/solution follows: The purpose of this concept paper is to request [approval or support] in the form of [ approval, equipment, funding, personnel, resources] to solve [description of a problem] so that [benefits of implementing the solution]. Sample purpose statements: The purpose of this concept paper is to request your approval to develop a technical proposal to request funding from the National Scienc e Foundation to establish a chicken-cloning program at the University of Texas. †¢The purpose of this document is to convince you to provide the Residents' Association with $2,000 to renovate the apartment complex's existing tennis courts so that you can successfully fulfill your contractual agreement with residents and so that they can play tennis without having to needlessly chase errant balls. Background information 1.As in all technical documents, you must first identify your audience? n this case, your potential supporter(s). If you are responding to an RFP or other solicited proposal, you will know the agency or company you will be writing to, but may still need to research both the names of the people to whom the proposal should be addressed, as well as the funding history of the agency or organization. This will help you to: †¢ narrow your research down to only those areas that will appeal to your reader(s) and †¢ to formulate a plan the agency/organization wi ll be likely to support.If you are submitting an unsolicited proposal, this research is even more important. There is lots of funding available, but much of it is targeted to very specific types of projects or types of respondents. For example, one philanthropic organization might support only those projects proposed by community organizations focused on prevention of substance abuse by teenagers. An organization I worked for once sent out an RFP to fund teacher-training projects proposed by groups of educators only.Individuals or groups with money to invest in new ideas may also have limits to the cash awards they offer. If your action plan can be accomplished with $5,000 or less, you may have more potential supporters than if your project requires $50,000 or even $5,000,000. 2. Conduct market or rhetorical research (analyze your context of use) to determine what evidence you might present that could convince the reader(s) to give you what you request. 3. Collect only that evidence that will convince your reader(s) to act. . Explain key terms and orient the reader to the problem. (Use internal citations when warranted. ) 5. Prove to the reader(s) that you have researched both the problem and its solution. 6. Explain why you and/or other reputable people think the problem is important. Clear solution/action plan While developing a clear solution may seem like an easy thing to do, it may actually be quite complicated. It may help you to develop categories equivalent to those that may later be required in the final proposal (e. . , objectives, rationale, personnel, management, timeline, products, budget, evaluation, guarantees of assurance, dissemination of results). While you will not be able to provide many details at this core document stage, you must have a clear idea of: †¢who will perform what actions (personnel and management), †¢how long it will take to achieve the solution (timeline), †¢how much it will cost (budget), and †¢what reso urces you will need (approval, funds, equipment, personnel, or other resources).Good proposals present strong links between the objectives of the plan (what you hope to accomplish), the activities that will allow you to accomplish those objectives, and the means by which you will determine how well your project is going. The methods of evaluation also link directly back to the objectives; this means that as you write an objective, you must make certain its degree of achievement can be measured. You might consider using a chart similar to that in Table 2 as a planning tool. In this example, the proposal is requesting approval and funds to carry out the specified action plan.Note that the objectives refer to the plan itself, not to reader support of the plan. Table 2. Sample Proposal Planning Chart ObjectivesAction PlanEvaluation (on-going and summative) †¢To develop a web site to successfully market the services of an engineering consulting firm 1. Form a project team that inclu des managers, researchers, graphic artists, technical writers, and web authors. 2. Conduct research on the audience that will be accessing the web site. 3. Conduct research on similar successful web sites. 4. Work with managers to determine the purpose and content of the web site. . Define†successful marketing†of the firm's web site. 6. Develop a questionnaire to assess successful marketing. . . †¢Web site tally of the number of people accessing the site (hits) †¢Follow-up electronic questionnaire sent to those who contact the firm for services Needs/Requirements Clearly specify what you need from the reader(s) of your Concept Paper. You should have already stated in an introductory paragraph the specific action you want from your reader; now explain how you will use the support you request.For instance, if you request money, state how the funds will be used or distributed. The typical format for doing this is a formal budget statement. Table 3 shows a sample b udget chart for the project described in Table 2. Table 3. Sample Budget Chart ExpenseRecipientSourceAmount (per year) Project Team SalariesTeam LeaderEngineering Firm$15,000 Graphic ArtistEngineering Firm$25,000 ResearcherEngineering Firm$5,000 Technical WriterEngineering Firm$25,000 Web expertEngineering Firm$5,000In this sample chart, all funds are expected to come from the engineering firm to which the proposal is being sent. However, your proposal may be more likely to be funded if you can show matching support from other sources (cost-share). This budget reflects only personnel and their projected salaries. * As you develop your chart, consider what other needs you might have. For example, in this project, the author might want to include costs of computers, printers, scanners, digital cameras, or other production equipment needed to develop the web site.

1. Research the term children as zones of peace. 2. Research a recent Essay

1. Research the term children as zones of peace. 2. Research a recent example of environmental refugees - Essay Example ram revolve around vaccination analysis and illness regulation; however, after years of development, other projects such as post-violence regulation and national intervention are now inclusive. Nonetheless, CZOP faces many challenges based on the origins of conflict such as political backgrounds and logistics. Decisively, for the Children as a Zone for Peace to be effectual at a particular region, they aim at creating a partnership with the authority or prominent stakeholders for easy execution; moreover, they have negotiation strategies for places where the children still face violence. Secondly, the CZOP also deals in resource control, development and circulation; largely, for all of their initiatives to succeed communication is a core aspect with the children and other involved parties (WHO 1). Last year, the leaders of CZOP introduced a new initiative that bases on incorporating children issues in political campaigns and states’ constitutions; however, this is just a small part of its development. In 2014, CZOP announced its partnership with multiple non-governmental organizations that also focus on campaigning about child health and welfare both on national and international levels. Environmental refugees are the people displaced after natural calamities occur i.e. earthquakes or the drastic rise of sea levels that destroys people’s homes and generally everything near these places. The disasters leave these people without shelter, food or any of the important necessities forcing them to migrate or look for other means of survival (Mante 1). However, there are temporary and permanent environmental refugees depending on the depth or impact of the disaster i.e. earthquakes or forests fires sweep away everything hence the people affected are permanent environmental refugees but calamities such as drought make the victims temporary environment refugees since there are possibilities of going back. There are the popular calamities that left millions of people

Neuroscience Dissertation Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Neuroscience Dissertation Introduction - Essay Example Whenever we fall or cut ourselves we experience pain, sometimes unbearable. Hence, our body tells us to take adequate care of that part so that the damage is looked after. We take the help of various pain killers that are available in the market to control and get rid of the pain. Apart from the medicines, anesthesia is also used to numb the pain. People are given local anesthesia before an operation. These are medicines which mix in our blood and we don’t feel the pain. Thus, the basic purpose of the pain killers is to numb the problem organ so that we do not feel any pain. It is one of the pain killers, which is the application of electric current through our skin for pain control. This research will showcase the reasons behind its working. We will also notice the intensity and the duration of the current passed into our skin. The unit used for this is called the TENS that is Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. TENS is unlike any other pain killers as it does not penetrate into the body. It is a safe nerve stimulation intended to reduce pain, both acute and chronic. There are results to show that TENS can be used as the best pain killer. The constant mode of TENS is found to give a better post analgesic effect for TENS users with chronic pain in clinical trials. However no one has investigated how the harmless feelings can be affected by constant mode TENS. Harmless or non-noxious stimulation is generally used by the animal to make it aware of the state of its body and of its immediate environment. This can be tested by using a non-painful stimulation method, 2 point discrimination test. Any changes after the TENS treatment can affect the awareness of movements and relative position of body parts. This can be a potential issue for some TENS users with balance problem. An experiment was done on this and was found that constant mode TENS gives a higher pain threshold than frequency modulated TENS during

Alcohol and Tobacco Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Alcohol and Tobacco Control - Essay Example Drinking alcohol and smoking are not good for health. Both expose an individual to numerous kinds of health risks. Health risks associated with drinking alcohol include but are not limited to cirrhosis, pancreatitis, hypertension, osteoporosis, and wernicke-korsakoff syndrome. Cirrhosis is a disease in which the liver is scarred and its healthy tissue is replaced with the scarred tissue. Malfunctioning of the liver caused by this causes the build-up of bile in the blood. Pancreatitis is another disease caused by drinking alcohol that causes the inflammation of pancreas. This affects insulin production, thus causing intense abdominal pain along with nausea and fever. Hypertension is a condition in which the passage of blood through the arteries can cause the arteries’ walls to rupture, thus causing stroke or heart attack. Alcohol consumption causes loss of the bone mass, a condition known as osteoporosis, thus increasing the risk of bone fracture. Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome is a brain disorder, which causes memory loss and blurred vision in the patient. Diseases caused by smoking include lungs’ cancer, oral cancer, cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The tar contained in the tobacco deposits in the mouth, throat and lungs thus increasing the smoker’s tendency to acquire cancer. ... Drinking and smoking are addictive habits. An individual who starts drinking and smoking goes a long way to reach the stage where he/she becomes a drug addict. Particularly, smoking often happens to be the first stage in the way of becoming a drug addict for many teenagers. It leads to the consumption of cocaine, marijuana and heroine in the later stages. Smoking all these drugs has potential negative implications on both the individual’s health and social life. The risks to health include all of the diseases that have been discussed before. Risks to the social life of the individual include poor academic performance, declined efficiency in work, laziness, and social exclusion. Teenagers that become drug addicts lose interest in studies. Consequentially, there academic grades start to decline. The poor academic performance has negative repercussions on the professional career of the individual as the eligibility of a candidate for a good job is directly governed by his/her pas t academic performance. This increases the drug addict’s risk of unemployment. In addition to that drug addicts are stigmatized and are subject to humiliation and social exclusion in the long run. Since the society does not accept them, they tend to be alone and are gradually pushed into social exclusion, in which they become depressed and may end up committing suicide. Owing to the myriad of negative effects of addiction caused by drinking and smoking, they should be prohibited. Control of alcohol and tobacco is compulsory in order to keep them out of the reach of children. Children are immature and generally unaware of the negative effects of alcohol and tobacco on their health. Even if they do know the effects, they tend to underestimate them owing to their immaturity. If alcohol

Influence of Integration Managerial Accounting Skills on Small and Essay - 1

Influence of Integration Managerial Accounting Skills on Small and Medium Enterprises Business toward the Success and Growth of SMEs in Thailand - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that SME has always been a very important aspect of the growth of national economies. Therefore, it becomes quite necessary to maintain the stability of the SME. The past evidence has the given enough of the significant contributions made by these SME toward the growth of an economy. The concentration of the SME within an economy is very higher and they face the completion from other SME’s and multinational enterprises. Therefore, maintaining a sustainable SME is the quite challenging task that requires a very effective integration managerial accounting skills. Besides, Thailand is rapidly developing the nation and in this regard, Thai SMEs have played a very vital role. Thai Government also strives to impose effective policies for SME developments. However, the government keeps trying to bring economic prosperity through SME development. On the other, the growth of SME also depends on the managerial skills of accounting and others. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) has identified the accounting skill set that includes analysis, strategy, risk, planning, and communication. In context to the rapid development of the Thai economy, the role of managerial practices in the growth of SME should be assessed for future of development. SMEs are exposed to a number of risks and challenges due to their vulnerable nature and size. The primary aim of the managerial practices in to overcome these challenge. Therefore, in order to present the theoretical background relating to this topic, the necessary theories that must be explained are managerial accounting skills like costing systems, risk management, budgeting, performance evaluation, financial communication and information for decision making and strategic analysis. Based on the core management accounting skills that include five major aspects i.e. financial communication and information, performance evaluation, risk management, and financial planning four hypotheses are framed and these are given.

Arguing against software patents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Arguing against software patents - Essay Example Software should not be patented, they say? (Anthypophora) Yes, it is only right that software should not be patented since it would not make sense to grant one person the right to a single innovation thereby making it impossible for any other person to come up with the same or even better piece of innovation. In many instances, software patent lay is shrouded by assumptions and myths (Bird and Jain 56). When one reads the arguments presented online about the criticisms of software patents, it is hard to miss the frequent misunderstanding, unnecessary exaggeration, considerable conspiracy theory and even misdirected equivocation which render these most of these arguments null and without substance (accumulatio). In other words, these arguments are baseless and should not be taken seriously. A good example of an argument that does not hold water at all is based on claims that software patents are used as schemes by greedy copyright lawyers who are out to make an extra buck by destroying patent protection (Stobbs 45). Despite such arguments as the one mentioned here (concession), there are many rock solid (metaphor) arguments against software patentability which make sense. One argument that carries a lot of weight, and one that has been frequently mentioned in many respectable circles is th at the patents can potentially encourage the creation and development of what are commonly referred to as patent thickets. In the world of technology, according to Stobbs (52) patent thickest are those numerous patents that are interconnected and researchers normally have a hard time navigating through them when they want to develop new technologies. There are two major types of thickets which can arise from software patent. The first type is the one that is characterized by a single innovation and it can be protected by more than one patent holder. This means that any individual interested in the development of certain software can obtain different licenses from several owners. The other type of thicket is one which allows for a product to be covered under many different patents as opposed to just one. The presence of these thickets in the software industry may cause the cost of innovation to rise and inefficiency in terms of growth. Some people argue that software patents have eco nomic value. However this value is usually undermined by the lack of a clear way of searching the software for patenting purposes (concession). This results from the fact that software patents are rarely indexed in any way that can make sense. This makes keyword searches on the software in question very hard and ineffective. There is also the question of legislation. In most cases, one cannot conduct patent libraries in the public domain due to stringent legal obstacles (Burgunder 26). The economic benefits of software patents are thus undermined since they normally depend on technical disclosures as well as patent claims which can only be found in the public domain. If an individual was to hire a patent lawyer to conduct a clearance search, it would not be

Business plan for Gym Equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business plan for Gym Equipment - Essay Example Purchasing fitness equipment online too, has grown substantially over the last several years. From numerous infomercial products to high-end home exercise equipments, the Internet provides the medium for detailed information on the benefits and features of each product. As people overcome their fear of cyber shopping, they are learning that the Internet offers both - the convenience and the savings. Convenience comes from comparative shopping without having to travel to numerous fitness equipment stores, where you often deal with unknowledgeable sales representatives. The Internet has empowered the consumer with detailed product information, allowing them to make intelligent purchasing decisions. In addition, the Internet provides an opportunity to avoid the added costs incurred through purchases at retail stores. A percentage of any price tag at a store includes overhead costs like leasing prime space, employee wages and inventory. The Internet is changing the rules, and online purc hases can result into significant savings on items like fitness equipments. Although people, mostly youngsters, have become much more fitness conscious than ever - a few online shops are existent on world wide web, selling home gym equipments. ... Hence, the current business position clearly speaks the need of a selling media from where the good number of customers can be reached on an everyday basis. Thus, e-shops are an opportunity. Else, the Internet websites already existing in the market selling home gym equipments, aren't yet covering the whole of potential customers. They are often into a part-time business of selling products via Internet, over and above having their conventional exhibition center - and hence, their business models are not probably as powerful as what a full-fledged Internet venture could have. "How can you rate a successful e-business The outward signs of a robust and thriving business are: Revenue increases Ability to generate profits Success in creating meaningful alliances Success in expanding into new markets Differentiating itself from other business models " ( Online Internet Business Models). In such a scenario, there is an opportunity of launching an Internet shop selling home gym equipments, as its full-time Internet business. Business activity Launched in the early days of year 2008, 'Beauty Fitness', a full-time e-shop - is into the business of selling home gyms and fitness equipments to young people, and all the others who want to stay in a good shape, keep fit - both physically and mentally. With fast growing Internet accessibility, e-shops are gaining bigger and bigger potential. Having established their presence on computers of almost all the British households, e-shops are not limited with daily working hours, weekend offs, or festive holidays. Customers can have access to our Internet shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. More, while in classic shops customers are required to walk around the town, 'Beauty Fitness' offers the customers that ease,

Kindergarten and Children Essay Example for Free

Kindergarten and Children Essay The early year’s sector was not developed by government policy with specific aims but was created in response to the requirements of families to change economical and social factors. Therefore public expenditure focused on families with social needs and difficulties. Local authority day nurseries catered mainly for children who were at risk from harm mainly in deprived areas. The Private sector held childminders, nannies and private nurseries available. The playgroup movement developed during the 1960s where parents set up and ran provision for their own children to learn through play in village halls and other community facilities. Families requirements for their children vary some parents want care for their children so that they can return to work, some parents want to stay with their children while they socialise, some parents want their children in settings which offer services aimed at learning. Others may want their children to be in a home based environment but unfortunately not every family can afford to pay provision fees, therefore the early year’s sector has various forms of provision to meet the needs of all families. The childcare provision includes: Mother and toddler groups  A place were the toddler can socialise with other children their age, whilst the mother or father can stay and learn more ways to look after and help with the childs development Pre-school A private nursery, one that is paid for by the parent do not hold compulsory hours, the child doesn’t have a primary school place already. This is for a younger child to gain confidence at an early age. Day care A day care is for children from the age of 3 months to 5 years, they have different classes for children of different ages and the parents can drop off the child and pick them up when they wish. Some parents only take the child in for one or two hours a day so that they have some interaction with other children and have new experiences. Creche A creche is a drop in centre childcare provision, the parents do not pay a monthly fee they only pay when they need such childcare, creche’s are in many different places such as gyms, shopping centres and churches, in these areas the children are looked after whilst the parents can work out, shop or pray. The childcare sector has changed vastly in the last 50 years along with society. Mothers have stopped staying at home and also passed on primary care to nannies or child minders. More childcare settings have been needed as a result of this. The government offer all 3-4 year old children free day care in nurseries such as my setting for up to 15 hours a week, this means mothers can go to work etc. leaving their child there in the care of nursery teachers, practitioners and nursery nurses. Identify current policies, frameworks and influences on the early years sector [pic] [pic] [pic] United nations convention on the rights of the child. Founded in 1989 by world leaders who decided that children needed a special convention for those under 18s because they often need special care and that the government has a responsibility to take measures to make sure children’s rights are protected, respected and fulfilled. All children have a right to adequate food, shelter, clean water, education, health care, leisure and recreation. The act also protects children’s rights by setting the standards in health care, education and legal, civil and social services. The four core principles are: Non-discrimination. Devotion to the best interests of the child The right to life Survival and development Respect the views of a child All children up to the age of 18 are protected regardless of race, religion, gender, culture, whether they are rich or poor have a disability, what they do and don’t say and what language they speak, no child should be treated unfairly. The best interests of the child must always come first when making decisions that can affect them. The EYFS works at setting the standards for learning ensuring that children make progress and no child gets left behind. The education Act Free childcare provisions were introduced for under five year old children as stated briefly previously. Since September 1st 2010 this rose from 12 and a half hours a week to 15 hours a week. The free entitlement provides access to education and care and the hours can be flexible over the week, all childcare provisions must use the EYFS and help young children achieve the five Every Child Matters outcomes. Describe what is meant by evidence-based practice and give examples of how this has influenced work with children in their early years. Evidence based practice is a framework of decisions made from effective information researched that influences practice and allows practitioners to apply their knowledge to a situation which allows them to make a well informed decisions on future actions. Professional practice requires these findings and research to be kept up-to-date and a consideration as to how these can be applied to settings. Sometimes, we need to be sure of what we find out before taking action as it might not be real or true. This is why it is so important for me to communicate and concerns or queries to my team. My everyday practice is influenced by what I have found out or learnt previously as a mother but also professionally through watching my nursery teacher and practitioners and learning as I go. It has been interesting to see that I am heading in the right track as a parent but excited to learn things I hadnt even thought of previously for my own children that I can not only use in the setting but also bring home for my children to benefit from. An example of how research has influenced working with children is The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) which is the first main study in the UK that focuses on the effectiveness of early years education and studies young childrens intellectual, social and behavioural development at age 3 to 7, collecting a wide range of information on more than 3000 children, their parents, their home environment and the pre-school they attended. Its findings found that children who had attended early years provision were more likely to have better cognitive, social and behaviour skills when they started formal education than those who had no early years provision, also confirming the value of early learning through play especially from low-income families. Key Elements of effective practice (KEEP) is another example. It stressed that effective learning in children is dependent on secure relationships. Learning through play and forming secure relationships are both key elements to the EYFS. With formal and non formal observation schedules and reflective practice, there is quality of care, learning and development and accountability as staff may require training and review of procedures and policies in order to keep up to date with new evidence in the provision of health and education. Explain what is meant by Diversity Diversity is the differences between individuals and groups of people in societies. These differences could be gender, ethnic origins, social cultural or religious background, family structure, disabilities, sexuality or appearance. Equality Equality means that individuals in society experience opportunities to achieve which are as good as the opportunities experienced by other people. Inclusion Inclusion is a process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging. Explain the importance of anti-discriminatory/anti bias practice, giving examples of how it is applied in practice with children and carers The curriculum within settings should represent the different cultures of the children within it to promote anti-discriminatory and anti bias practice, as does my setting. We include positive images within the play areas for example in books and on posters which allows our children to view pictures of different races, disabilities, sex and age which promotes an anti-bias view of the world we live in. We also have children within the setting who have special educational needs which also brings it to life for all the children to encourage this acceptance into their lives. The setting creates an environment which is acceptable to all children regardless of their background, along with being able to make them feel welcomed. We ensure they are all valued and have access in every aspect of the provision. We also have had the pleasure of meeting practitioners who are from different countries which also helps the children relate to equality within their lives. Explain how the active participation of the children in decisions affecting their lives promotes the achievement of positive outcomes. Children need to actively participate in decisions that will affect their life. Children that are young need to make simple choices that enable them to find out their likes and dislikes not only for themselves but for us to then plan activities that meet their needs and challenge their abilities, it can be as simple as having a choice between an apple and a pear. This will enable them to express their needs and wishes. Letting the children make choices builds a child’s confidence, self esteem and their social skills. In our setting the children make choices all the time, this will be when a child makes a choice on what they want to do or who they want to do it with, these are simple choices that a child of pre-school and nursery age can make for themselves. This will enable the child to develop more and make choices later on in life that are more important such as, relationships, what course to take at college, whether to gain a qualification, what job they may undertake or even when to get married etc. These choices will all be big decisions that could affect the rest of their life. We as practitioners need to actively listen to the child’s choices and other ways that they may be able to communicate their wishes such as pointing, pictures, signing and any other non verbal means of communication to find out what the child or family actually want or need. We need to understand that children have voices and that they should be heard. Providing that they or others are not in any significant harm, their wishes should be listened to and followed. Examples of how children in our setting actively participate in their own choices include area of play, choice of activities during free flow time, choice of healthy food and drink available to them, choice of actions (good or bad, with intervention when necessary). Again, by giving them these choices it will help them to make small decisions in life and will enable them later in life to extend this to bigger decisions that affect their lives and will help future experiences. It also enables our children to learn to build up confidence, self-esteem and social skills by themselves and sometimes, with our guidance. Explain the importance of reviewing own practice as part of being an effective practitioner The quality of provision in any early years settings is dependent on the skills, attitudes, knowledge and experience of everyone who works there. Reflective practice is the key to quality improvement as it helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different aspects of a setting’s provision. Reflective practice is the term used to describe the way in which professionals evaluate their own work and consider ways of improving their work. It is important to do this, as each year a different set of children and parents join the setting. They may have different needs, expectations or interests. Activities, routines and polices may have to be changed or updated to accommodate the new families. Reflecting on practice will help to see where changes need to be made. Staff are developing all the time too. Their knowledge and skills may change due to extra training or new staff having new ideas. National standards and frameworks may also change so this may have an impact on how the setting is run. To reflect on my own practice I tend to critically question what I do and see whether it works or whether there is room for improvement by asking my team for feedback and advise. I am also new to childcare as a profession rather then parent so I am constantly taking things in and using support from my team as motivation to improve my own strengths and target my weaknesses. I tend to observe the reactions of children, parents and the team to help think about my effectiveness, but at the end of the day voicing any concerns is the best policy and my team will always come to me when needed. Especially in areas I may think are working well, I like to think about what skills and knowledge are helping me achieve this or whether I can become more efficient. In areas of weaknesses I always think of ways to improve and pick up hints and tips from my brilliant colleagues who are more then happy to advise. I may need more training in the future when I fell more experience is needed such as first aid etc. I find reflecting on my practise helpful as it gives me a clearer picture of what I actually do within my work role for my setting, and how I can make myself a valuable asset to my team. This itself gives me more confidence of my ability as practitioner and confidence to know that everybody can improve to provide the best care for all our children as I reach higher standards as I progress. Undertake a reflective analysis of own practice Being a reflective practitioner involves thinking about how you currently work and evaluating what you do in order to improve your practice. The reflective practitioner stands back, takes a balanced view and recognises what works well, but is also able to acknowledge what could be changed. To be a reflective practitioner you need to be self aware and able to look as objectively and honestly as possible at how you work with children, colleagues and parents. This is not easy, but taking a proactive role, reflecting on and analysing your own practice is far more rewarding than relying on someone in a more senior position to do this for you. Evaluating your own practice helps to put you in control of the changes that should be made, enables you to identify your professional development needs and will increase your confidence and feelings of job satisfaction. Reflective practice and self evaluation are fundamental to the Ofsted inspection process. By completing the Self Evaluation Form (SEF) managers and setting leaders are able to provide a snapshot of what happens in a setting. Through the SEF they can clearly identify the setting’s strengths and highlight what it does well. At the same time they can acknowledge any weaknesses in provision and plan the changes and improvements to be made. However, managers cannot achieve this alone. They are reliant on all practitioners in the setting taking responsibility for the quality of their individual practice and aiming for continuous improvement. As practitioner I want to be a good role model for the children in my setting by being enthusiastic to their efforts, positive and optimistic towards their abilities and good choices but also as I understand children are active learners I wish for them to be as enthusiastic as I am with their learning and development. I always aim to show a relaxed expression and warm tones in my voice that I can pitch higher as I express enthusiasm. I try to get the children eager to get involved especially in planned activities that are designed to assess the children individually as it is important for me to know each childs specific needs etc. I am aware that my relationships with the children, parents and colleagues are not only important for the setting environment but also for our children to understand how to treat others and how peers and teamwork is important in life. I treat others how I wish to be treated and respect all my team as individuals professionally as well as getting to know them and enjoying their company during work hours. It is a pleasure to work with a great group of people who are passionate about giving our children a great start in life which, in turn also gives me the motivation to thrive and provide the best care I can for my colleagues and children. I actively listen and am taking in lots of information and advise given verbally or through watching others. This is active learning and it is a cycle within the work setting. When I talk to my colleagues it is in a professional manner with interest and respect. I am also willing to help in any way I can to maintain an efficient smooth running setting. When I talk to the children in the setting I try to relate to them, coming down to their level with interest and listening to anything they have to say. They will always ask questions that I will answer as honestly as I can. I am always intrigued to know their likes and dislikes and by getting to know each individual child helps in this area. It is always nice to following up on their ideas by discussing every thing with the nursery teacher who will then advise. I try my hardest to make every parent feel welcome and at value what they tell me especially when it is about the importance of their individual child. It is important to maintain relationships with everyone as not only does it help me provide the best care I can but it also makes the place a very strong place to be as we are helping these children thrive and flourish to take these abilities with them through life. I try to help the setting by being proactive in solving problems as they arise but I will come to my team in times of need. I definitely need to continue to actively learn through my team but also establish a personal style and accept we are all different and all give a different benefit to the team. I started off with little confidence as a parent you never quiet know what boundaries you can cross with other children such as how stern to be when they make bad choices etc. Now I am much more confident and relaxed in my approach but I am always learning, every day I learn something new. I need to communicate and not be afraid to ask my nursery teacher if I misunderstand a task given to me. I made the mistake of setting out an extra activity that didnt help what the nursery teacher had planned as I assumed bowels were left out for it when in fact they were forgotten about and not put away. The nursery teacher was busy and so I tried to use my initiative but it was not a good decision. I should have waited to speak to my tutor and seek advice. This is what I shall do in the future. I tend to learn from my mistakes! Develop strategies to deal with areas of difficulty and challenges encountered in professional practice in early years settings Examples of areas of difficulty and challenges that may arise in the work setting between myself and parents of children include: Parents not collecting their child on time getting later and later Parents with outstanding fees Parents with a complaint e. g. they claim a child has hit their child Speaking to a parent about a concern you have about their child (you feel that the child has specific needs, and you are worried how they may accept/not accept it). Parent has been discriminating against another parent (possibly verbally to the other parents). These issues are not only very sensitive to each individual family but they all require handling with professionalism and respect as a parent myself you need to feel valued and listened to and made aware that the dilema will be dealt with promptly and effectively and in confidence. This is why having full and comprehensive policies and procedures within my setting is important and relevant at these times to follow. When speaking to parents, if they came to me with a concern or complaint I would listen, really listen, even if they start to shout, often they just want to say their piece. Then if they have cause to complain or bring something up I may be able to deal with it there and then by speaking in a professional manner, without making it personal. If I am able to resolve it, I will try, if not I would this to the nursery teacher as she is a very good active listener and always wants the best for our children, parents and team. It is very important to maintain relationships as we would hate to tarnish the settings name we really do enjoy our involvement and helping our children the best way we can. To me it doesnt matter how small the concern is its important for that child and their parents, and I want to assure those parents I take things very seriously in order to resolve issues. When a parent needs addressing for issues such as a concern about their child or fees are owed then the nursery teacher will deal with this matter by forms of letters or arranging a meeting to speak in confidence regarding the above. If a parent has come to me or the nursery teacher with a complaint about another parent I would have to have a quiet word or arrange a meeting to say It has been brought to my attention that you have been speaking about another parent unkindly/discriminatingly. They may interject here and say who said, they are lying? But I would just have to remember to say something such as I am not at liberty to say, but whether it is true or not I must remind you we are an equal opportunity setting who celebrates diversity and cultural beliefs. Remember to explain sensitively and nicely that you are duty bound to make sure all the children and families are treated equally, and you would do the same for their child, if you felt they needed your support. But currently it is the responsibility of the nursery teacher and so I would talk to her about any such issues.